Examples of java.net.InetAddress

java.net.InetAddress

etf.org/rfc/rfc790.txt">RFC 790: Assigned Numbers, RFC 1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets, RFC 2365: Administratively Scoped IP Multicast, and RFC 2373: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. An instance of an InetAddress consists of an IP address and possibly its corresponding host name (depending on whether it is constructed with a host name or whether it has already done reverse host name resolution).

Address types

unicast An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by that address.
The Unspecified Address -- Also called anylocal or wildcard address. It must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the absence of an address. One example of its use is as the target of bind, which allows a server to accept a client connection on any interface, in case the server host has multiple interfaces.
The unspecified address must not be used as the destination address of an IP packet.
The Loopback Addresses -- This is the address assigned to the loopback interface. Anything sent to this IP address loops around and becomes IP input on the local host. This address is often used when testing a client.

multicast An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging to different nodes). A packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.

unicast	An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by that address. The Unspecified Address -- Also called anylocal or wildcard address. It must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the absence of an address. One example of its use is as the target of bind, which allows a server to accept a client connection on any interface, in case the server host has multiple interfaces. The unspecified address must not be used as the destination address of an IP packet. The Loopback Addresses -- This is the address assigned to the loopback interface. Anything sent to this IP address loops around and becomes IP input on the local host. This address is often used when testing a client.
multicast	An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging to different nodes). A packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.

IP address scope

Link-local addresses are designed to be used for addressing on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration, neighbor discovery, or when no routers are present.

Site-local addresses are designed to be used for addressing inside of a site without the need for a global prefix.

Global addresses are unique across the internet.

Textual representation of IP addresses

The textual representation of an IP address is address family specific.

For IPv4 address format, please refer to Inet4Address#format; For IPv6 address format, please refer to Inet6Address#format.

Host Name Resolution

Host name-to-IP address resolution is accomplished through the use of a combination of local machine configuration information and network naming services such as the Domain Name System (DNS) and Network Information Service(NIS). The particular naming services(s) being used is by default the local machine configured one. For any host name, its corresponding IP address is returned.

Reverse name resolution means that for any IP address, the host associated with the IP address is returned.

The InetAddress class provides methods to resolve host names to their IP addresses and vice versa.

InetAddress Caching

The InetAddress class has a cache to store successful as well as unsuccessful host name resolutions.

By default, when a security manager is installed, in order to protect against DNS spoofing attacks, the result of positive host name resolutions are cached forever. When a security manager is not installed, the default behavior is to cache entries for a finite (implementation dependent) period of time. The result of unsuccessful host name resolution is cached for a very short period of time (10 seconds) to improve performance.

If the default behavior is not desired, then a Java security property can be set to a different Time-to-live (TTL) value for positive caching. Likewise, a system admin can configure a different negative caching TTL value when needed.

Two Java security properties control the TTL values used for positive and negative host name resolution caching:

networkaddress.cache.ttl

Indicates the caching policy for successful name lookups from the name service. The value is specified as as integer to indicate the number of seconds to cache the successful lookup. The default setting is to cache for an implementation specific period of time.
A value of -1 indicates "cache forever".

networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl (default: 10)

Indicates the caching policy for un-successful name lookups from the name service. The value is specified as as integer to indicate the number of seconds to cache the failure for un-successful lookups.
A value of 0 indicates "never cache". A value of -1 indicates "cache forever".

@author Chris Warth @version 1.116, 09/05/07 @see java.net.InetAddress#getByAddress(byte[]) @see java.net.InetAddress#getByAddress(java.lang.String,byte[]) @see java.net.InetAddress#getAllByName(java.lang.String) @see java.net.InetAddress#getByName(java.lang.String) @see java.net.InetAddress#getLocalHost() @since JDK1.0

    if (this.hostAddress != null) {
      return hostAddress;
    }
      try {
        //only cache inetaddresses if they represent the ip. 
      InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(this.hostName);
      if (addr.getHostAddress().equalsIgnoreCase(this.hostName)) {
        this.hostAddress = addr;
      }
      return addr;
    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
      throw new TeiidRuntimeException("Failed to resolve the bind address"); //$NON-NLS-1$

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   */
  public static Socket getSocket ( String host, int port, int delay) 
    throws InterruptedIOException, IOException
  {
    // Convert host into an InetAddress, and call getSocket method
    InetAddress inetAddr = InetAddress.getByName (host);
    
    return getSocket ( inetAddr, port, delay );
  }

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  protected DocAndConnection retrieveDocumentInternal(URL u, int method, String parameters, 
         HttpConnection httpConn, String ntlmAuthorizationInfo) 
    throws HttpException 
  {
    String host = null;
    InetAddress addr = null;
    String path = null;
    String requestPath = null;
    String protocol = null;
    String userinfo = null;
    boolean chunkedEncoding = false;

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      *  Get the name of the remote host
      *
      *  @return  remote host name
      */
     String getRemoteHostName() {
         InetAddress addr = controlSock.getInetAddress();
         return addr.getHostName();
     }

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                try
                {
                    // use the next port in list (or 0 by default, indicating any port number)
                    FTPDataSocket socket = newActiveDataSocket(nextPort);
                    int port = socket.getLocalPort();
                    InetAddress addr = socket.getLocalAddress();
                    sendPORTCommand(addr, port);                  
                    return socket;
                }
                catch (SocketException ex) 
                {

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        msgContext.setProperty(MessageContext.TRANSPORT_HEADERS, headers);


        // find the remote party IP address and set it to the message context
        if (conn instanceof HttpInetConnection) {
            HttpInetConnection inetConn = (HttpInetConnection) conn;
            InetAddress remoteAddr = inetConn.getRemoteAddress();
            if (remoteAddr != null) {
                msgContext.setProperty(
                        MessageContext.REMOTE_ADDR, remoteAddr.getHostAddress());
                msgContext.setProperty(
                        NhttpConstants.REMOTE_HOST, NhttpUtil.getHostName(remoteAddr));
                remoteAddress = remoteAddr.getHostAddress();
            }
        }


        msgContext.setProperty(RequestResponseTransport.TRANSPORT_CONTROL,
                new HttpCoreRequestResponseTransport(msgContext));

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        }
        msgContext.setProperty(NhttpConstants.REST_URL_POSTFIX, uri);
        String servicePrefix = oriUri.substring(0, oriUri.indexOf(uri));
        if (servicePrefix.indexOf("://") == -1) {
            HttpInetConnection inetConn = (HttpInetConnection) conn;
            InetAddress localAddr = inetConn.getLocalAddress();
            if (localAddr != null) {
                servicePrefix = (isHttps ? "https://" : "http://") +
                        localAddr.getHostName() + ":" + inetConn.getLocalPort() + servicePrefix;
            }
        }
        msgContext.setProperty(NhttpConstants.SERVICE_PREFIX, servicePrefix);


        if ("GET".equals(method)) {

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        ProtocolStack stack=ch.getProtocolStack();
        Protocol discovery=stack.removeProtocol("TCPPING");
        if(discovery != null){
            Protocol transport = stack.getTransport();
            MPING mping=new MPING();
            InetAddress bindAddress=Util.getBindAddress(new Properties());
            mping.setBindAddr(bindAddress);
            mping.setMulticastAddress("230.1.2.3");
            mping.setMcastPort(8888);            
            stack.insertProtocol(mping, ProtocolStack.ABOVE, transport.getName());
            mping.setProtocolStack(ch.getProtocolStack());

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      }
    }
  }


  protected Socket createSocket(String hostname, int port) throws Exception {
    InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(hostname);


    InetAddress outLocalAddr = null;
    String outLocalAddrStr = params.outLocalAddress;
    if (outLocalAddrStr != null)
      outLocalAddr = InetAddress.getByName(outLocalAddrStr);


    int outLocalPort = params.outLocalPort;

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    public static void testEqualityWithDnsRoundRobin() throws UnknownHostException {
        IpAddress x1, x2, x3;


        StackType type=Util.getIpStackType();
        String tmp=type == StackType.IPv6? "::1" : "127.0.0.1";
        InetAddress addr=InetAddress.getByName(tmp);
        byte[] rawAddr=addr.getAddress();


        InetAddress inet1=InetAddress.getByAddress("MyHost1", rawAddr);
        InetAddress inet2=InetAddress.getByAddress("MyHost2", rawAddr);
        InetAddress inet3=InetAddress.getByAddress("MyHost3", rawAddr);
        Assert.assertEquals(inet1, inet2);


        x1=new IpAddress(inet1, 5555);
        x2=new IpAddress(inet2, 5555);
        x3=new IpAddress(inet3, 5555);

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