Examples of java.net.InetAddress

java.net.InetAddress

etf.org/rfc/rfc790.txt">RFC 790: Assigned Numbers, RFC 1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets, RFC 2365: Administratively Scoped IP Multicast, and RFC 2373: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. An instance of an InetAddress consists of an IP address and possibly its corresponding host name (depending on whether it is constructed with a host name or whether it has already done reverse host name resolution).

Address types

unicast An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by that address.
The Unspecified Address -- Also called anylocal or wildcard address. It must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the absence of an address. One example of its use is as the target of bind, which allows a server to accept a client connection on any interface, in case the server host has multiple interfaces.
The unspecified address must not be used as the destination address of an IP packet.
The Loopback Addresses -- This is the address assigned to the loopback interface. Anything sent to this IP address loops around and becomes IP input on the local host. This address is often used when testing a client.

multicast An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging to different nodes). A packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.

unicast	An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by that address. The Unspecified Address -- Also called anylocal or wildcard address. It must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the absence of an address. One example of its use is as the target of bind, which allows a server to accept a client connection on any interface, in case the server host has multiple interfaces. The unspecified address must not be used as the destination address of an IP packet. The Loopback Addresses -- This is the address assigned to the loopback interface. Anything sent to this IP address loops around and becomes IP input on the local host. This address is often used when testing a client.
multicast	An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically belonging to different nodes). A packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.

IP address scope

Link-local addresses are designed to be used for addressing on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration, neighbor discovery, or when no routers are present.

Site-local addresses are designed to be used for addressing inside of a site without the need for a global prefix.

Global addresses are unique across the internet.

Textual representation of IP addresses

The textual representation of an IP address is address family specific.

For IPv4 address format, please refer to Inet4Address#format; For IPv6 address format, please refer to Inet6Address#format.

Host Name Resolution

Host name-to-IP address resolution is accomplished through the use of a combination of local machine configuration information and network naming services such as the Domain Name System (DNS) and Network Information Service(NIS). The particular naming services(s) being used is by default the local machine configured one. For any host name, its corresponding IP address is returned.

Reverse name resolution means that for any IP address, the host associated with the IP address is returned.

The InetAddress class provides methods to resolve host names to their IP addresses and vice versa.

InetAddress Caching

The InetAddress class has a cache to store successful as well as unsuccessful host name resolutions.

By default, when a security manager is installed, in order to protect against DNS spoofing attacks, the result of positive host name resolutions are cached forever. When a security manager is not installed, the default behavior is to cache entries for a finite (implementation dependent) period of time. The result of unsuccessful host name resolution is cached for a very short period of time (10 seconds) to improve performance.

If the default behavior is not desired, then a Java security property can be set to a different Time-to-live (TTL) value for positive caching. Likewise, a system admin can configure a different negative caching TTL value when needed.

Two Java security properties control the TTL values used for positive and negative host name resolution caching:

networkaddress.cache.ttl

Indicates the caching policy for successful name lookups from the name service. The value is specified as as integer to indicate the number of seconds to cache the successful lookup. The default setting is to cache for an implementation specific period of time.
A value of -1 indicates "cache forever".

networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl (default: 10)

Indicates the caching policy for un-successful name lookups from the name service. The value is specified as as integer to indicate the number of seconds to cache the failure for un-successful lookups.
A value of 0 indicates "never cache". A value of -1 indicates "cache forever".

@author Chris Warth @version 1.116, 09/05/07 @see java.net.InetAddress#getByAddress(byte[]) @see java.net.InetAddress#getByAddress(java.lang.String,byte[]) @see java.net.InetAddress#getAllByName(java.lang.String) @see java.net.InetAddress#getByName(java.lang.String) @see java.net.InetAddress#getLocalHost() @since JDK1.0

    }






    public static void testIPv6WithExternalization() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        InetAddress tmp=Util.getNonLoopbackAddress();
        IpAddress ip=new IpAddress(tmp, 5555);


        ByteArrayOutputStream bos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream    oos=new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
        byte[]                buf=null;

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    public static void testIPv6WithStreamable() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        InetAddress tmp=Util.getNonLoopbackAddress();
        IpAddress ip=new IpAddress(tmp, 5555);


        ByteArrayOutputStream bos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        DataOutputStream      dos=new DataOutputStream(bos);
        byte[]                buf=null;

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    if (b != 333) {
      throw new RuntimeException("default property value set when it should not have been") ;
    }
    
    // get the value which should not have been assigned a default
    InetAddress c = ((DEFAULTS)protocol).getC() ;
    System.out.println("value of c = " + c) ;
        assert c != null;
  }

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  public ReliableSSLTcpClient() {
    super();
  }


  protected Socket createSocket(String hostname, int port) throws Exception {
    InetAddress outLocalAddr = null;
    String outLocalAddrStr = params.outLocalAddress;
    if (outLocalAddrStr != null)
      outLocalAddr = InetAddress.getByName(outLocalAddrStr);


    int outLocalPort = params.outLocalPort;

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                            pingable_mbrs + ", local_addr=" + local_addr);
                return;
            }


            // 1. execute ping command
            InetAddress host=ping_dest instanceof IpAddress? ((IpAddress)ping_dest).getIpAddress() : null;
            if(host == null)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("ping_dest is not of type IpAddress - FD_ICMP only works with these");
            try {
                if(log.isTraceEnabled())
                    log.trace("pinging " + host + " (ping_dest=" + ping_dest + ") using interface " + intf);

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    private void acceptConnections(final ServerSocketChannel channel) throws IOException {
        // set to non blocking mode
        channel.configureBlocking(false);


        // Bind the server socket to the local host and port
        InetAddress host = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        InetSocketAddress sockAddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, PORT);
        ServerSocket socket = channel.socket();
        //socket.setReuseAddress(true);
        socket.bind(sockAddr);

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        ProtocolCodecFilter protocolFiler = new ProtocolCodecFilter(new ResponseEncoder(), new RequestDecoder());
        filterChainBuilder.addLast("protocol", protocolFiler);
        // and then a thread pool. REVIEWME
        filterChainBuilder.addLast("execFilter", new ExecutorFilter(ExecutorFactory.newCachedThreadPool("execFilter")));


        InetAddress host = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        InetSocketAddress sockAddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, PORT);
        accepter.bind(sockAddr);


        if(JMX_MONITOR_ENABLED) {
            setupMonitor(accepter);

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    // if it is localhost, we will assume there is only one
    // instance on this machine and then we will try and get the hostname from
    // the server.
    try {
      if (host == null || host.equals("localhost")) {
        InetAddress local = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        host = local.getHostName();
      }
    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
      logger.error("[getHostName] Cannot get hostname for localhost.", e);
      host = "UNKNOWN";
    }

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                    dataSoc = new Socket();
                }


                dataSoc.setReuseAddress(true);


                InetAddress localAddr = resolveAddress(dataConfig
                        .getActiveLocalAddress());


                // if no local address has been configured, make sure we use the same as the client connects from
                if(localAddr == null) {
                    localAddr = ((InetSocketAddress)session.getLocalAddress()).getAddress();
                }       


                SocketAddress localSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(localAddr, dataConfig.getActiveLocalPort());
                
                LOG.debug("Binding active data connection to {}", localSocketAddress);
                dataSoc.bind(localSocketAddress);


                dataSoc.connect(new InetSocketAddress(address, port));
            } else {


                if (secure) {
                    LOG.debug("Opening secure passive data connection");
                    // this is where we wrap the unsecured socket as a SSLSocket. This is 
                    // due to the JVM bug described in FTPSERVER-241.


                    // get server socket factory
                    SslConfiguration ssl = getSslConfiguration();
                    
                    // we've already checked this, but let's do it again
                    if (ssl == null) {
                        throw new FtpException(
                                "Data connection SSL not configured");
                    }


                    SSLSocketFactory ssocketFactory = ssl.getSocketFactory();


                    Socket serverSocket = servSoc.accept();


                    SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket) ssocketFactory
                            .createSocket(serverSocket, serverSocket
                                    .getInetAddress().getHostAddress(),
                                    serverSocket.getPort(), true);
                    sslSocket.setUseClientMode(false);


                    // initialize server socket
                    if (ssl.getClientAuth() == ClientAuth.NEED) {
                        sslSocket.setNeedClientAuth(true);
                    } else if (ssl.getClientAuth() == ClientAuth.WANT) {
                        sslSocket.setWantClientAuth(true);
                    }


                    if (ssl.getEnabledCipherSuites() != null) {
                        sslSocket.setEnabledCipherSuites(ssl
                                .getEnabledCipherSuites());
                    }


                    dataSoc = sslSocket;
                } else {
                    LOG.debug("Opening passive data connection");


                    dataSoc = servSoc.accept();
                }
                
                if (dataConfig.isPassiveIpCheck()) {
          // Let's make sure we got the connection from the same
          // client that we are expecting
          InetAddress remoteAddress = ((InetSocketAddress) session.getRemoteAddress()).getAddress();
          InetAddress dataSocketAddress = dataSoc.getInetAddress();
          if (!dataSocketAddress.equals(remoteAddress)) {
            LOG.warn("Passive IP Check failed. Closing data connection from "
              + dataSocketAddress
              + " as it does not match the expected address "
              + remoteAddress);
            closeDataConnection();

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            // 24-10-2007 - added check if PORT or PASV is issued, see
            // https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FTPSERVER-110
            DataConnectionFactory connFactory = session.getDataConnection();
            if (connFactory instanceof IODataConnectionFactory) {
                InetAddress address = ((IODataConnectionFactory) connFactory)
                        .getInetAddress();
                if (address == null) {
                    session.write(new DefaultFtpReply(
                            FtpReply.REPLY_503_BAD_SEQUENCE_OF_COMMANDS,
                            "PORT or PASV must be issued first"));

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