Examples of jm.music.data.Note

jm.music.data.Note
The Note class is representative of notes in standard western music notation. It contains data relavent to music note information such as time, duration and pitch. Notes get contained in Phrase objects. Like in tradtional music notation (CPN) notes get played one after the other in the order in which they are added to the Phrase.
!IMPORTANT: notes with a pitch of the minimum integer are rests, those between 0 <> 127 are exactly the same as normal sounding notes numbered like the MIDI specification. Notes with a pitch specified as a double value, e.g., 440.0, are frequency values for the note pitch. In general, note pitch refers to the chromatic key number (as per MIDI) as an int and the note frequency refer to the value in hertz as a double value.
Notes can be added to a phrase like this...
```
 Phrase phrase = new Phrase(0.0); Note note = new Note(C4, CROTCHET, MF); phrase.addNote(note); 
```
The note also has the option to create notes with reasonable default values. This allows a user who is not interested in any performance details to work with notes solely using pitch value and rythmValue like this....
```
 Note note = new Note(C4, CROTCHET); 
```
The final option for building a note also includes the dynamic parameter for minimal performace information.
```
 Note note = new Note(C4, CROTCHET, F); 
```
Comments about the offset parameter: The intention of offset was to allow for 'feel' in score playback. For example, a snare drum might be played slightly ahead or behind the beat, or a sound with a slow attack might need to be triggered early in order to sound in time with other parts.
With this in mind, offset should have no influence on rhythmValue or duration calculations within the jMusic data structure, only when translated to another format (eg MIDI). In your example (offset 0.1, duration 0.8, and rv 1.0) the rendering (MIDI or other that does not support the offset concept) should consider the start time of the note 0.1 bpm later than 'normal' but the duration of the note will be 0.8 bpm from that offset start time. The next note should start 1.0 bpm after the 'normal' startTime (ignoring offset). This allows for offset to be used in cases where performance of music varies from beat to beat, eg., the downbeat is anticipated slightly. In extreme cases this could cause overlapping notes in MIDI translation which need to be 'handled' but we consider this a weakness of the MIDI data specification rather than a problem for jMusic : )
In short, think of offset as "A displacement from the normal start time of a note that allows performance interpretation without distorting the score for compositional or analysis purposes." --------------- @author Andrew Sorensen @version 1.0, Sun Feb 25 18:43:31 2001 @see Phrase

        if (! XMLStyles.isValidNoteTag(element.getName())) {
            throw new ConversionException(
                    "Invalid element: " + element.getName() + ".  The only "
                    + "accepted tag name is '" + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "'.");
        }
        Note returnNote = new Note();
        String attributeValue;


        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getPitchAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setPitch(Integer.parseInt(attributeValue));
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getPitchAttributeName() + "' of element '"
                        + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java integer.");
            }
        }
    attributeValue = XMLStyles.getFrequencyAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                double tempVal = Double.valueOf(attributeValue).doubleValue();
                returnNote.setFrequency(tempVal);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
          "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
          + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getFrequencyAttributeName() + "' of element '"
          + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java double.");
            }
        }
        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getDynamicAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setDynamic(Integer.parseInt(attributeValue));
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getDynamicAttributeName() + "' of element '"
                        + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java integer.");
            }
        }
        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getRhythmValueAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setRhythmValue(
                        Double.valueOf(attributeValue).doubleValue());
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getRhythmValueAttributeName() + "' of element '"
                        + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java double.");
            }
        }
        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getPanAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setPan(Double.valueOf(attributeValue).doubleValue());
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getPanAttributeName() + "' of element '"
                        + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java double.");
            }
        }
        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getDurationAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setDuration(
                        Double.valueOf(attributeValue).doubleValue());
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getDurationAttributeName() + "' of element '"
                        + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java double.");
            }
        }
        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getOffsetAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setOffset(
                        Double.valueOf(attributeValue).doubleValue());
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getOffsetAttributeName() + "' of element '"
                        + xmlStyle.getNoteTagName() + "' must represent a Java double.");
            }
        }
        attributeValue = XMLStyles.getSampleStartTimeAttributeValue(element);
        if (! attributeValue.equals("")) {
            try {
                returnNote.setSampleStartTime(
                        Double.valueOf(attributeValue).doubleValue());
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new ConversionException(
                        "Invalid attribute value: " + attributeValue + ".  The "
                        + "attribute '" + xmlStyle.getSampleStartTimeAttributeName() + "' of "

View Full Code Here


    private void addNote(Phrase phrase, Note target, int targetBeat,
                         double rhythmValue, int[] intervalArray, int climax,
                         final int lowerlimit) {
        if (rhythmValue < 0.0) {
            phrase.addNote(new Note(Note.REST, 0.0 - rhythmValue));
        } else {
            // select previous non rest
            int noteIndex = phrase.size() - 1;
            int previousPitch = phrase.getNote(noteIndex).getPitch();
            while (previousPitch == Note.REST) {
                previousPitch = phrase.getNote(--noteIndex).getPitch();
            }
            
            double originalRatio = (target.getPitch() - previousPitch)
                                   / (targetBeat - phrase.getEndTime());
            int selectedInterval = intervalArray[
                    (int) (Math.random() * intervalArray.length)];
            int currentInterval = target.getPitch() - previousPitch;
            double intervalRatio = selectedInterval / (double) currentInterval;
            if (intervalRatio < 0) {
                if (Math.random() < (2.5 / (targetBeat - phrase.getEndTime()))) {
                    selectedInterval = 0 - selectedInterval;
                }
            }
            double currentRatio = currentInterval
                                  / (targetBeat - phrase.getEndTime());
            double ratioOfRatios = currentRatio / originalRatio;
            if (ratioOfRatios >= 2.0 || ratioOfRatios <= 0.5) {
                selectedInterval /= 2;
            }


            int pitch = previousPitch + selectedInterval;
            if (pitch >= climax || pitch < lowerlimit) {
                pitch = previousPitch - selectedInterval;
            }
            if (pitch >= climax || pitch < lowerlimit) {
                pitch = previousPitch - selectedInterval / 2;
            }
            if (pitch >= climax || pitch < lowerlimit) {
                pitch = previousPitch - selectedInterval / 4;
            }


            phrase.addNote(new Note(pitch, rhythmValue));
        }
    }

View Full Code Here

    public static Phrase pitchAndRhythmStringToPhrase(final String string) {
        StringProcessor processor = new StringProcessor(string);
        Phrase phrase = new Phrase();
        try {
            while (true) {
                phrase.addNote(new Note(
                        (int) processor.getNextRhythm(), processor.getNextRhythm()));
            }
        } catch (EOSException e) {
            /* This is okay.  Continue. */
        }

View Full Code Here

    public static Phrase pitchRhythmAndDynamicStringToPhrase(final String string) {
        StringProcessor processor = new StringProcessor(string);
        Phrase phrase = new Phrase();
        try {
            while (true) {
                phrase.addNote(new Note(
                        (int) processor.getNextRhythm(),
                        processor.getNextRhythm(),
                        (int) processor.getNextRhythm()));
            }
        } catch (EOSException e) {

View Full Code Here

               < crossoverBar * beatsPerBar) {
            returnPhrase.addNote(currentPhrase.getNote(currentNote++).copy());
        }
        double rhythmValue = crossoverBar * beatsPerBar
                             - returnPhrase.getEndTime();
        returnPhrase.addNote(new Note(
                currentPhrase.getNote(currentNote).getPitch(),
                crossoverBar * beatsPerBar - returnPhrase.getEndTime()));
        currentNote = -1;
        currentPhrase = isFatherFirst ? mother : father;
        double currentRhythmValue = 0;
        while (currentRhythmValue <= crossoverBar * beatsPerBar) {
            currentNote++;
            currentRhythmValue +=
                    currentPhrase.getNote(currentNote).getRhythmValue();
        }
        returnPhrase.addNote(new Note(
                currentPhrase.getNote(currentNote++).getPitch(),
                currentRhythmValue - crossoverBar * beatsPerBar));
        while (currentNote < currentPhrase.size()) {
            returnPhrase.addNote(currentPhrase.getNote(currentNote++));
        }

View Full Code Here

                double lastPanPosition = -1.0;  
                int offSetTime = 0;          
                /// Each note
                Enumeration notes = phrase.getNoteList().elements();
                while(notes.hasMoreElements()) {
                    Note note = (Note) notes.nextElement();
                    // deal with offset
                    offSetTime = (int)(note.getOffset() * m_ppqn * elementTempoRatio);


          //handle frequency pitch types
          int pitch = -1;
          if(note.getPitchType() == Note.MIDI_PITCH) {
            pitch = note.getPitch();
          } else {
            pitch = Note.freqToMidiPitch(note.getFrequency());
          }


                    int dynamic = note.getDynamic();


                    if (pitch == Note.REST) {
                        phraseTick += note.getRhythmValue() * m_ppqn * elementTempoRatio;
                        continue;
                    }


                    long onTick = (long)(phraseTick);
                    // pan
                    if (note.getPan() != lastPanPosition) {
      evt = createCChangeEvent(currChannel, 10, (int)(note.getPan()*127), onTick);
      currTrack.add(evt);
      lastPanPosition = note.getPan();
        }


                    evt = createNoteOnEvent(currChannel, pitch, dynamic, onTick + offSetTime);
                    currTrack.add(evt);


                    long offTick = (long)(phraseTick + note.getDuration() * m_ppqn * elementTempoRatio);


                    evt = createNoteOffEvent(currChannel, pitch, dynamic, offTick + offSetTime);
                    currTrack.add(evt);


                    phraseTick += note.getRhythmValue() * m_ppqn * elementTempoRatio;


                    // TODO:  Should this be ticks since we have tempo stuff
                    // to worry about
                    //System.out.println("offtick = " + offTick + " ppq = " +
      //         m_ppqn + " score length = " + score.getEndTime() +

View Full Code Here

                n2change3 = (int) Math.floor(n2change2);
            }
            Vector vector = (Vector) individual.getNoteList().clone();
            for (int j = 0; j < n2change3; j++) {
                int r1 = (int) (Math.random() * (n1 - 1));
                Note note5 = (Note) vector.elementAt(initialSize + r1);
                int pitch5 = note5.getPitch();
                double rhythmValue5 = note5.getRhythmValue();
                if (rhythmValue5 >= 1.0 && rhythmValue5%1.0 == 0 &&
                        rhythmValue5 * 2.0 == Math.ceil(rhythmValue5 * 2.0)) {
                    vector.removeElementAt(initialSize + r1);
                    vector.insertElementAt(new Note(pitch5,
                                                    rhythmValue5 / 2.0),
                                           initialSize + r1);
                    vector.insertElementAt(new Note(pitch5,
                                                    rhythmValue5 / 2.0),
                                           initialSize + r1);
                    n1++;
                } else {
                    double rhythmValue6 = rhythmValue5 + ((Note)
                            vector.elementAt(initialSize + r1 + 1))
                                  .getRhythmValue();
                    if (rhythmValue6 <= 2.0) {
                        vector.removeElementAt(initialSize + r1);
                        vector.removeElementAt(initialSize + r1);
                        vector.insertElementAt(new Note(pitch5,
                                                        rhythmValue6),
                                               initialSize + r1);
                        n1--;
                    }
                }
            }
            individual.addNoteList(vector, false);
            
            
            // 4. Step interpolation
            vector = (Vector) individual.getNoteList().clone();
            int currentPitch;
            double currentRV;
            int previousPitch = (int)Note.REST;
            double previousRV = 0;
            int index1 = initialSize;
            while (index1 < vector.size() && previousPitch == Note.REST) {
                previousPitch = ((Note) vector.elementAt(index1)).getPitch();
                previousRV = ((Note) vector.elementAt(index1)).getRhythmValue();
                index1++;
            }
            int k = index1;
            while (k < vector.size()) {
                currentPitch = ((Note) vector.elementAt(k)).getPitch();
                currentRV = ((Note) vector.elementAt(k)).getRhythmValue();
                if (currentPitch != Note.REST) {
                    int interval = currentPitch - previousPitch;
                    if ((Math.abs(interval) == 4 || Math.abs(interval) == 3)
                            && Math.random() < (MUTATE_PERCENTAGE[3] / 100.0)) {
                        int scalePitch = 0;
                        if (interval > 0) {
                            scalePitch = currentPitch - 1;
                            if (!isScale(scalePitch)) {
                                scalePitch--;
                            }
                        } else {
                            scalePitch = currentPitch + 1;
                            if (!isScale(scalePitch)) {
                                scalePitch++;
                            }
                        }
                        if (currentRV > previousRV) {
                            if (currentRV >= 0.5
                                    && (int) Math.ceil(currentRV * 2)
                                       == (int) (currentRV * 2)) {
                                vector.removeElementAt(k);
                                vector.insertElementAt(new Note(currentPitch,
                                        currentRV / 2.0), k);
                                vector.insertElementAt(new Note(scalePitch,
                                        currentRV / 2.0), k);
                                k++;
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (previousRV >= 0.5
                                    && (int) Math.ceil(previousRV * 2)
                                       == (int) (previousRV * 2)) {
                                vector.removeElementAt(k - 1);
                                vector.insertElementAt(new Note(scalePitch,
                                        previousRV / 2.0), k - 1);
                                vector.insertElementAt(new Note(previousPitch,
                                        previousRV / 2.0), k - 1);
                                k++;
                            }
                        }
                    }

View Full Code Here

                    && (degree == 0 || degree == 7)
                    && Math.random() < (2.0 / rhythmValue)
                                       * (MUTATE_PERCENTAGE[4] / 100.0)) {
                vector.removeElementAt(j - count);
                vector.removeElementAt(j - count);
                vector.insertElementAt(new Note(pitch, rhythmValue),
                                       j - count);
                rhythmValueCount += phrase.getNote(j).getRhythmValue();
                j++;
                count++;
            }

View Full Code Here

            super(new Instrument[] {new AudioSampleInst(fileName)});
    }
    
    public synchronized Note getNextNote() {
        // duration and pitch are disregarded by the instrument
        Note n;
        if(firstTime) {
            n = new Note(67, 1.0);
            firstTime = false;
        } else n = new Note(jm.JMC.REST, 1.0);
        return n;
    }

View Full Code Here


        Phrase[] population = new Phrase[populationSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < populationSize; i++) {
            population[i] = seed.copy();


            Note target;
            int targetBeat;
            int climax = 0;


    
            // Set target
            if (isClimaxAccepted(seed, beatsPerBar)) {
                climax = findClimax(seed);
                target = new Note(TONIC, (double) beatsPerBar);
                targetBeat = 7 * beatsPerBar;
            } else {
                int lowestPitch = Note.MAX_PITCH;
                for (int j = 0; j < seed.size(); j++) {
                    int currentPitch = seed.getNote(j).getPitch();
                    if (currentPitch != Note.REST && currentPitch < lowestPitch) {
                        lowestPitch = currentPitch;
                    }
                }
                target = generateClimax(lowestPitch);
                climax = target.getPitch();
                targetBeat = 4 * beatsPerBar;
            }




            /* Find the absolute minimum pitch which is the lower of an octave
             * below the starting note or a fifth below middle C (53),.
             */
            int lowerlimit = -1;
            for (int j = 0; j < seed.size(); j++) {
                int pitch = seed.getNote(j).getPitch();
                if (pitch != Note.REST) {
                    lowerlimit = pitch - 12;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (lowerlimit < 53) {
                lowerlimit = 53;
            }




            // Extend to target
            extend(population[i], target, targetBeat, beatRhythmArray,
                   intervalArray, climax, beatsPerBar, lowerlimit);
            addAppropriateTarget(population[i], target);
//            population[i].addNote(target);




            // If the melody isn't complete, extend to final note
            if (population[i].getEndTime() != 8 * beatsPerBar) {
                target = new Note(TONIC, (double) beatsPerBar);
                targetBeat = 7 * beatsPerBar;
                extend(population[i], target, targetBeat,
                              beatRhythmArray, intervalArray, climax,
                              beatsPerBar, lowerlimit);


                /* Check last note */
                int noteIndex = population[i].size() - 1;
                int previousPitch = population[i].getNote(noteIndex).getPitch();
                while (previousPitch == Note.REST) {
                    previousPitch = population[i].getNote(--noteIndex).getPitch();
                }


                /* Find tonic closest to previous pitch */
                int targetPitch = target.getPitch();
                if (previousPitch < targetPitch) {
                    if (targetPitch - previousPitch > 6) {
                        target.setPitch(targetPitch - 12);
                    }
                } else if (previousPitch > targetPitch) {
                    if (previousPitch - targetPitch > 6) {
                        target.setPitch(targetPitch + 12);
                    }
                }
                population[i].addNote(target);
            }

View Full Code Here

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