// }
// }
// creates a ClassWriter for the Example public class,
// which inherits from Object
ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);
cw.visit(V1_1, ACC_PUBLIC, "Example", null, "java/lang/Object", null);
// creates a MethodWriter for the (implicit) constructor
MethodVisitor mw = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC,
"<init>",
"()V",
null,
null);
// pushes the 'this' variable
mw.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
// invokes the super class constructor
mw.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/Object", "<init>", "()V");
mw.visitInsn(RETURN);
// this code uses a maximum of one stack element and one local variable
mw.visitMaxs(1, 1);
mw.visitEnd();
// creates a MethodWriter for the 'main' method
mw = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC + ACC_STATIC,
"main",
"([Ljava/lang/String;)V",
null,
null);
// pushes the 'out' field (of type PrintStream) of the System class
mw.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC,
"java/lang/System",
"out",
"Ljava/io/PrintStream;");
// pushes the "Hello World!" String constant
mw.visitLdcInsn("Hello world!");
// invokes the 'println' method (defined in the PrintStream class)
mw.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL,
"java/io/PrintStream",
"println",
"(Ljava/lang/String;)V");
mw.visitInsn(RETURN);
// this code uses a maximum of two stack elements and two local
// variables
mw.visitMaxs(2, 2);
mw.visitEnd();
// gets the bytecode of the Example class, and loads it dynamically
byte[] code = cw.toByteArray();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Example.class");
fos.write(code);
fos.close();
Helloworld loader = new Helloworld();
Class<?> exampleClass = loader.defineClass("Example", code, 0, code.length);
// uses the dynamically generated class to print 'Helloworld'
exampleClass.getMethods()[0].invoke(null, new Object[] { null });
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Same example with a GeneratorAdapter (more convenient but slower)
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS);
cw.visit(V1_1, ACC_PUBLIC, "Example", null, "java/lang/Object", null);
// creates a GeneratorAdapter for the (implicit) constructor
Method m = Method.getMethod("void <init> ()");
GeneratorAdapter mg = new GeneratorAdapter(ACC_PUBLIC,
m,
null,
null,
cw);
mg.loadThis();
mg.invokeConstructor(Type.getType(Object.class), m);
mg.returnValue();
mg.endMethod();
// creates a GeneratorAdapter for the 'main' method
m = Method.getMethod("void main (String[])");
mg = new GeneratorAdapter(ACC_PUBLIC + ACC_STATIC, m, null, null, cw);
mg.getStatic(Type.getType(System.class),
"out",
Type.getType(PrintStream.class));
mg.push("Hello world!");
mg.invokeVirtual(Type.getType(PrintStream.class),
Method.getMethod("void println (String)"));
mg.returnValue();
mg.endMethod();
cw.visitEnd();
code = cw.toByteArray();
loader = new Helloworld();
exampleClass = loader.defineClass("Example", code, 0, code.length);
// uses the dynamically generated class to print 'Helloworld'
exampleClass.getMethods()[0].invoke(null, new Object[] { null });