* - can also be the ConstraintViolationException which now occurs on the update operation will not be translated; as a consequence, it will be a TransactionSystemException

     */

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)

    public void whenResourceIsUpdatedWithFailedConstraints_thenException() {

        invalidate(existingResource);

        getApi().update(existingResource);

    }

    @Test

    /**/public void givenResourceExists_whenResourceIsUpdated_thenUpdatesArePersisted() {

        // Given

        // When

        change(existingResource);

        getApi().update(existingResource);

        // Then

        assertEquals(existingResource, updatedResource);

    }

    // template method

    protected Foo createNewEntity() {

    }

    public final void before() {

        final int minimalNumberOfEntities = 25;

        if (fooService.findAll().size() <= minimalNumberOfEntities) {

            for (int i = 0; i < minimalNumberOfEntities; i++) {

            }

        }

    }

    // tests

    @Test

    public final void whenSortingByStringNullLast_thenLastNull() {

        final String jql = "Select f from Foo as f order by f.name desc NULLS LAST";

        final Query sortQuery = entityManager.createQuery(jql);

        final List<Foo> fooList = sortQuery.getResultList();

        assertNull(fooList.get(fooList.toArray().length - 1).getName());

    }

    @Test

    public final void whenSortingByStringNullFirst_thenFirstNull() {

        final String jql = "Select f from Foo as f order by f.name desc NULLS FIRST";

        final Query sortQuery = entityManager.createQuery(jql);

        final List<Foo> fooList = sortQuery.getResultList();

        assertNull(fooList.get(0).getName());

    }

    @Test

    public final void whenEntityIsCreated_thenNoExceptions() {

    }

    }

    @Test(expected = DataIntegrityViolationException.class)

    public final void whenInvalidEntityIsCreated_thenDataException() {

    }

    }

    @Test(expected = DataIntegrityViolationException.class)

    public final void whenEntityWithLongNameIsCreated_thenDataException() {

    }

    }

    @Test(expected = InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException.class)

    public final void whenSameEntityIsCreatedTwice_thenDataException() {

        service.create(entity);

        service.create(entity);

    }