Examples of java.security.Permission

java.security.Permission
Abstract class for representing access to a system resource. All permissions have a name (whose interpretation depends on the subclass), as well as abstract functions for defining the semantics of the particular Permission subclass.
Most Permission objects also include an "actions" list that tells the actions that are permitted for the object. For example, for a java.io.FilePermission object, the permission name is the pathname of a file (or directory), and the actions list (such as "read, write") specifies which actions are granted for the specified file (or for files in the specified directory). The actions list is optional for Permission objects, such as java.lang.RuntimePermission, that don't need such a list; you either have the named permission (such as "system.exit") or you don't.
An important method that must be implemented by each subclass is the implies method to compare Permissions. Basically, "permission p1 implies permission p2" means that if one is granted permission p1, one is naturally granted permission p2. Thus, this is not an equality test, but rather more of a subset test.
Permission objects are similar to String objects in that they are immutable once they have been created. Subclasses should not provide methods that can change the state of a permission once it has been created. @see Permissions @see PermissionCollection @version 1.40 05/11/17 @author Marianne Mueller @author Roland Schemers

    File tmpfile = new File(tmpdir, "testfile");
    harness.check(tmpfile.delete() || !tmpfile.exists(), "no temp file");
    File tmpfile2 = new File(tmpdir, "testfile2");
    harness.check(tmpfile2.delete() || !tmpfile2.exists());


    Permission tmpdirReadPerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpdir.toString(), "read");
    Permission tmpdirWritePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpdir.toString(), "write");
    Permission tmpdirDeletePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpdir.toString(), "delete");


    Permission tmpdir2WritePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpdir2.toString(), "write");
    Permission tmpdir2DeletePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpdir2.toString(), "delete");


    Permission tmpfileWritePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpfile.toString(), "write");
    Permission tmpfileDeletePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpfile.toString(), "delete");


    Permission tmpallWritePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmp + File.separator + "*", "write");
    Permission tmpdirallWritePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpdir.toString() + File.separator + "*", "write");
    Permission tmpfile2WritePerm =
      new FilePermission(tmpfile2.toString(), "write");


    Permission rootReadPerm =
      new FilePermission(File.separator, "read");


    Permission tmpdirPropPerm =
      new PropertyPermission("java.io.tmpdir", "read");


    Permission modifyThreadGroup =
      new RuntimePermission("modifyThreadGroup");
    Permission shutdownHooks =
      new RuntimePermission("shutdownHooks");


    // Keep a record of created temp files so we can delete them later.
    File tf1 = null;
    File tf2 = null;

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   *          and <code>false</code> if it is not.
   * @param    perm java.security.Permission
   *          the permission to check
   */
  public boolean implies(Permission perm) {
    Permission p = (Permission) perms.get(perm);


    if ((p != null) && p.implies(perm)) {
      return true;
    }


    Enumeration permsEnum = elements();

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  public boolean checkPermission(VersionConstraint vc, BaseDescription bd) {
    if (!checkPermissions)
      return true;
    // TODO could optimize out the producer permission check on export package
    boolean success = false;
    Permission producerPermission = null, consumerPermission = null;
    Bundle producer = null, consumer = null;
    int errorType = 0;
    if (vc instanceof ImportPackageSpecification) {
      errorType = ResolverError.IMPORT_PACKAGE_PERMISSION;
      producer = context.getBundle(((ExportPackageDescription) bd).getExporter().getBundleId());
      producerPermission = new PackagePermission(bd.getName(), PackagePermission.EXPORTONLY);
      consumerPermission = producer != null ? new PackagePermission(vc.getName(), producer, PackagePermission.IMPORT) : new PackagePermission(vc.getName(), PackagePermission.IMPORT);
    } else {
      boolean requireBundle = vc instanceof BundleSpecification;
      errorType = requireBundle ? ResolverError.REQUIRE_BUNDLE_PERMISSION : ResolverError.FRAGMENT_BUNDLE_PERMISSION;
      producerPermission = new BundlePermission(bd.getName(), requireBundle ? BundlePermission.PROVIDE : BundlePermission.HOST);
      consumerPermission = new BundlePermission(vc.getName(), requireBundle ? BundlePermission.REQUIRE : BundlePermission.FRAGMENT);
      producer = context.getBundle(((BundleDescription) bd).getBundleId());
    }
    consumer = context.getBundle(vc.getBundle().getBundleId());
    if (producer != null && (producer.getState() & Bundle.UNINSTALLED) == 0) {
      success = producer.hasPermission(producerPermission);
      if (!success) {
        switch (errorType) {
          case ResolverError.IMPORT_PACKAGE_PERMISSION :
            errorType = ResolverError.EXPORT_PACKAGE_PERMISSION;
            break;
          case ResolverError.REQUIRE_BUNDLE_PERMISSION :
          case ResolverError.FRAGMENT_BUNDLE_PERMISSION :
            errorType = errorType == ResolverError.REQUIRE_BUNDLE_PERMISSION ? ResolverError.PROVIDE_BUNDLE_PERMISSION : ResolverError.HOST_BUNDLE_PERMISSION;
            break;
        }
        resolver.getState().addResolverError(vc.getBundle(), errorType, producerPermission.toString(), vc);
      }
    }
    if (success && consumer != null && (consumer.getState() & Bundle.UNINSTALLED) == 0) {
      success = consumer.hasPermission(consumerPermission);
      if (!success)

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      while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
    PolicyParser.PermissionEntry pe =
        (PolicyParser.PermissionEntry) enum_.nextElement();
    try { 
        // XXX special case PrivateCredentialPermission-SELF
        Permission perm;
        if (pe.permission.equals
      ("javax.security.auth.PrivateCredentialPermission") &&
      pe.name.endsWith(" self")) {
      perm = getInstance(pe.permission,
           pe.name + " \"self\"",
           pe.action);
        } else {
      perm = getInstance(pe.permission,
           pe.name,
           pe.action);
        }
        entry.add(perm);
        if (debug != null) {
      debug.println("  "+perm);
        }
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
        Certificate certs[];
        if (pe.signedBy != null) 
      certs = getCertificates(keyStore, pe.signedBy);
        else 
      certs = null;


        // only add if we had no signer or we had a
        // a signer and found the keys for it.
        if (certs != null || pe.signedBy == null) {
          Permission perm = new UnresolvedPermission(
               pe.permission,
               pe.name,
               pe.action,
               certs);
          entry.add(perm);

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      "\t" + codesource[0].toString() + "\n\n");
     }


     if (entry.codesource.implies(codesource[0])) {
         for (int j = 0; j < entry.permissions.size(); j++) {
        Permission p = 
           (Permission) entry.permissions.elementAt(j);
        if (debug != null) {
           debug.println("  granting " + p);
        }
        if (!addSelfPermissions(p, entry.codesource,

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      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
      sb.append(rb.getString("("));
      sb.append(getCodeSource());
      sb.append("\n");
      for (int j = 0; j < permissions.size(); j++) {
    Permission p = (Permission) permissions.elementAt(j);
    sb.append(rb.getString(" "));
    sb.append(rb.getString(" "));
    sb.append(p);
    sb.append(rb.getString("\n"));
      }

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    /**
     * Permission will be named "invoke.<declaring-class>.<method-name>".
     */
    public static Permission getPermission(Method method)
    {
        Permission result = null;
        Class mc = method.getDeclaringClass();


        synchronized (_invokePermissionCache) {
            Map permissions = (Map) _invokePermissionCache.get(mc);

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        }


        private void checkPermissions(ClientEndpoint endpoint, ClientRequest request) {
            SecurityContext securityContext = getSecurityContext();
            if (securityContext != null) {
                Permission permission = request.getRequiredPermission();
                if (permission != null) {
                    securityContext.checkPermission(endpoint.getSubject(), permission);
                }
            }
        }

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        if (isReadOnly()) {
            throw new SecurityException("ClusterPermissionCollection is read-only!");
        }
        final Iterator<Permission> iter = perms.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            final Permission perm = iter.next();
            boolean implies = false;
            for (Permission p : perms) {
                if (p != perm && p.implies(perm)) {
                    implies = true;
                    break;

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        if ((pc = (PermissionCollection)loaderPC.get(codeUrl)) == null) {
            pc = super.getPermissions(codeSource);
            if (pc != null) {
                Iterator perms = permissionList.iterator();
                while (perms.hasNext()) {
                    Permission p = (Permission)perms.next();
                    pc.add(p);
                }
                loaderPC.put(codeUrl,pc);
            }
        }

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