throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
  boolean needToChange = false;
        StringBuffer out = new StringBuffer(s.length());
  Charset charset;
  CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter();
  if (enc == null)
      throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
  try {
      charset = Charset.forName(enc);
  } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException e) {
            throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
        } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
      throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < s.length();) {
      int c = (int) s.charAt(i);
      //System.out.println("Examining character: " + c);
      if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c)) {
    if (c == ' ') {
        c = '+';
        needToChange = true;
    }
    //System.out.println("Storing: " + c);
    out.append((char)c);
    i++;
      } else {
    // convert to external encoding before hex conversion
    do {
        charArrayWriter.write(c);
        /*
         * If this character represents the start of a Unicode
         * surrogate pair, then pass in two characters. It's not
         * clear what should be done if a bytes reserved in the 
         * surrogate pairs range occurs outside of a legal
         * surrogate pair. For now, just treat it as if it were 
         * any other character.
         */
        if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF) {
      /*
        System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(c) 
        + " is high surrogate");
      */
      if ( (i+1) < s.length()) {
          int d = (int) s.charAt(i+1);
          /*
            System.out.println("\tExamining " 
            + Integer.toHexString(d));
          */
          if (d >= 0xDC00 && d <= 0xDFFF) {
        /*
          System.out.println("\t" 
          + Integer.toHexString(d) 
          + " is low surrogate");
        */
              charArrayWriter.write(d);
        i++;
          }
      }
        } 
        i++;
    } while (i < s.length() && !dontNeedEncoding.get((c = (int) s.charAt(i))));
    charArrayWriter.flush();
    String str = new String(charArrayWriter.toCharArray());
    byte[] ba = str.getBytes(charset);
    for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) {
        out.append('%');
        char ch = Character.forDigit((ba[j] >> 4) & 0xF, 16);
        // converting to use uppercase letter as part of
        // the hex value if ch is a letter.
        if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
      ch -= caseDiff;
        }
        out.append(ch);
        ch = Character.forDigit(ba[j] & 0xF, 16);
        if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
      ch -= caseDiff;
        }
        out.append(ch);
    }
    charArrayWriter.reset();
    needToChange = true;
      }
  }
  return (needToChange? out.toString() : s);