Package javax.naming.spi

Source Code of javax.naming.spi.NamingManager

/*
* @(#)NamingManager.java  1.22 05/11/17
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/

package javax.naming.spi;

import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.naming.*;
import com.sun.naming.internal.VersionHelper;
import com.sun.naming.internal.ResourceManager;
import com.sun.naming.internal.FactoryEnumeration;

/**
* This class contains methods for creating context objects
* and objects referred to by location information in the naming
* or directory service.
*<p>
* This class cannot be instantiated.  It has only static methods.
*<p>
* The mention of URL in the documentation for this class refers to
* a URL string as defined by RFC 1738 and its related RFCs. It is
* any string that conforms to the syntax described therein, and
* may not always have corresponding support in the java.net.URL
* class or Web browsers.
*<p>
* NamingManager is safe for concurrent access by multiple threads.
*<p>
* Except as otherwise noted,
* a <tt>Name</tt> or environment parameter
* passed to any method is owned by the caller.
* The implementation will not modify the object or keep a reference
* to it, although it may keep a reference to a clone or copy.
*
* @author Rosanna Lee
* @author Scott Seligman
* @version 1.22 05/11/17
* @since 1.3
*/

public class NamingManager {

    /*
     * Disallow anyone from creating one of these.
     * Made package private so that DirectoryManager can subclass.
     */

    NamingManager() {}

    // should be protected and package private
    static final VersionHelper helper = VersionHelper.getVersionHelper();

// --------- object factory stuff
   
    /**
     * Package-private; used by DirectoryManager and NamingManager.
     */
    private static ObjectFactoryBuilder object_factory_builder = null;

    /**
     * The ObjectFactoryBuilder determines the policy used when
     * trying to load object factories.
     * See getObjectInstance() and class ObjectFactory for a description
     * of the default policy.
     * setObjectFactoryBuilder() overrides this default policy by installing
     * an ObjectFactoryBuilder. Subsequent object factories will
     * be loaded and created using the installed builder.
     *<p>
     * The builder can only be installed if the executing thread is allowed
     * (by the security manager's checkSetFactory() method) to do so.
     * Once installed, the builder cannot be replaced.
     *<p>
     * @param builder The factory builder to install. If null, no builder
     *      is installed.
     * @exception SecurityException builder cannot be installed
     *    for security reasons.
     * @exception NamingException builder cannot be installed for
     *         a non-security-related reason.
     * @exception IllegalStateException If a factory has already been installed.
     * @see #getObjectInstance
     * @see ObjectFactory
     * @see ObjectFactoryBuilder
     * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkSetFactory
     */
    public static synchronized void setObjectFactoryBuilder(
      ObjectFactoryBuilder builder) throws NamingException {
  if (object_factory_builder != null)
      throw new IllegalStateException("ObjectFactoryBuilder already set");

  SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
  if (security != null) {
      security.checkSetFactory();
  }
  object_factory_builder = builder;
    }

    /**
     * Used for accessing object factory builder.
     */
    static synchronized ObjectFactoryBuilder getObjectFactoryBuilder() {
  return object_factory_builder;
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the ObjectFactory for the object identified by a reference,
     * using the reference's factory class name and factory codebase
     * to load in the factory's class.
     * @param ref The non-null reference to use.
     * @param factoryName The non-null class name of the factory.
     * @return The object factory for the object identified by ref; null
     * if unable to load the factory.
     */
    static ObjectFactory getObjectFactoryFromReference(
  Reference ref, String factoryName)
  throws IllegalAccessException,
  InstantiationException,
  MalformedURLException {
  Class clas = null;

  // Try to use current class loader
  try {
       clas = helper.loadClass(factoryName);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      // ignore and continue
      // e.printStackTrace();
  }
  // All other exceptions are passed up.

  // Not in class path; try to use codebase
  String codebase;
  if (clas == null &&
    (codebase = ref.getFactoryClassLocation()) != null) {
      try {
    clas = helper.loadClass(factoryName, codebase);
      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      }
  }

  return (clas != null) ? (ObjectFactory) clas.newInstance() : null;
    }


    /**
     * Creates an object using the factories specified in the
     * <tt>Context.OBJECT_FACTORIES</tt> property of the environment
     * or of the provider resource file associated with <tt>nameCtx</tt>.
     *
     * @return factory created; null if cannot create
     */
    private static Object createObjectFromFactories(Object obj, Name name,
      Context nameCtx, Hashtable environment) throws Exception {

        FactoryEnumeration factories = ResourceManager.getFactories(
      Context.OBJECT_FACTORIES, environment, nameCtx);

  if (factories == null)
      return null;

  // Try each factory until one succeeds
  ObjectFactory factory;
  Object answer = null;
  while (answer == null && factories.hasMore()) {
      factory = (ObjectFactory)factories.next();
      answer = factory.getObjectInstance(obj, name, nameCtx, environment);
  }
  return answer;
    }

    private static String getURLScheme(String str) {
  int colon_posn = str.indexOf(':');
  int slash_posn = str.indexOf('/');

  if (colon_posn > 0 && (slash_posn == -1 || colon_posn < slash_posn))
      return str.substring(0, colon_posn);
  return null;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an instance of an object for the specified object
     * and environment.
     * <p>
     * If an object factory builder has been installed, it is used to
     * create a factory for creating the object.
     * Otherwise, the following rules are used to create the object:
     *<ol>
     * <li>If <code>refInfo</code> is a <code>Reference</code>
     *    or <code>Referenceable</code> containing a factory class name,
     *    use the named factory to create the object.
     *    Return <code>refInfo</code> if the factory cannot be created.
     *    Under JDK 1.1, if the factory class must be loaded from a location
     *    specified in the reference, a <tt>SecurityManager</tt> must have
     *    been installed or the factory creation will fail.
     *    If an exception is encountered while creating the factory,
     *    it is passed up to the caller.
     * <li>If <tt>refInfo</tt> is a <tt>Reference</tt> or
     *    <tt>Referenceable</tt> with no factory class name,
     *    and the address or addresses are <tt>StringRefAddr</tt>s with
     *    address type "URL",
     *    try the URL context factory corresponding to each URL's scheme id
     *    to create the object (see <tt>getURLContext()</tt>).
     *    If that fails, continue to the next step.
     * <li> Use the object factories specified in
     *    the <tt>Context.OBJECT_FACTORIES</tt> property of the environment,
     *    and of the provider resource file associated with
     *    <tt>nameCtx</tt>, in that order.
     *    The value of this property is a colon-separated list of factory
     *    class names that are tried in order, and the first one that succeeds
     *    in creating an object is the one used.
     *    If none of the factories can be loaded,
     *    return <code>refInfo</code>.
     *    If an exception is encountered while creating the object, the
     *    exception is passed up to the caller.
     *</ol>
     *<p>
     * Service providers that implement the <tt>DirContext</tt>
     * interface should use
     * <tt>DirectoryManager.getObjectInstance()</tt>, not this method.
     * Service providers that implement only the <tt>Context</tt>
     * interface should use this method.
     * <p>
     * Note that an object factory (an object that implements the ObjectFactory
     * interface) must be public and must have a public constructor that
     * accepts no arguments.
     * <p>
     * The <code>name</code> and <code>nameCtx</code> parameters may
     * optionally be used to specify the name of the object being created.
     * <code>name</code> is the name of the object, relative to context
     * <code>nameCtx</code>.  This information could be useful to the object
     * factory or to the object implementation.
     *  If there are several possible contexts from which the object
     *  could be named -- as will often be the case -- it is up to
     *  the caller to select one.  A good rule of thumb is to select the
     * "deepest" context available.
     * If <code>nameCtx</code> is null, <code>name</code> is relative
     * to the default initial context.  If no name is being specified, the
     * <code>name</code> parameter should be null.
     *
     * @param refInfo The possibly null object for which to create an object.
     * @param name The name of this object relative to <code>nameCtx</code>.
     *    Specifying a name is optional; if it is
     *    omitted, <code>name</code> should be null.
     * @param nameCtx The context relative to which the <code>name</code>
     *    parameter is specified.  If null, <code>name</code> is
     *    relative to the default initial context.
     * @param environment The possibly null environment to
     *    be used in the creation of the object factory and the object.
     * @return An object created using <code>refInfo</code>; or
     *    <code>refInfo</code> if an object cannot be created using
     *    the algorithm described above.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception was encountered
     *   while attempting to get a URL context, or if one of the
     *    factories accessed throws a NamingException.
     * @exception Exception if one of the factories accessed throws an
     *    exception, or if an error was encountered while loading
     *          and instantiating the factory and object classes.
     *    A factory should only throw an exception if it does not want
     *    other factories to be used in an attempt to create an object.
     *   See ObjectFactory.getObjectInstance().
     * @see #getURLContext
     * @see ObjectFactory
     * @see ObjectFactory#getObjectInstance
     */
    public static Object
  getObjectInstance(Object refInfo, Name name, Context nameCtx,
        Hashtable<?,?> environment)
  throws Exception
    {

  ObjectFactory factory;

  // Use builder if installed
  ObjectFactoryBuilder builder = getObjectFactoryBuilder();
  if (builder != null) {
      // builder must return non-null factory
      factory = builder.createObjectFactory(refInfo, environment);
      return factory.getObjectInstance(refInfo, name, nameCtx,
    environment);
  }

  // Use reference if possible
  Reference ref = null;
  if (refInfo instanceof Reference) {
      ref = (Reference) refInfo;
  } else if (refInfo instanceof Referenceable) {
      ref = ((Referenceable)(refInfo)).getReference();
  }

  Object answer;

  if (ref != null) {
      String f = ref.getFactoryClassName();
      if (f != null) {
    // if reference identifies a factory, use exclusively

    factory = getObjectFactoryFromReference(ref, f);
    if (factory != null) {
        return factory.getObjectInstance(ref, name, nameCtx,
                 environment);
    }
    // No factory found, so return original refInfo.
    // Will reach this point if factory class is not in
    // class path and reference does not contain a URL for it
    return refInfo;

      } else {
    // if reference has no factory, check for addresses
    // containing URLs

    answer = processURLAddrs(ref, name, nameCtx, environment);
    if (answer != null) {
        return answer;
    }
      }
  }

  // try using any specified factories
  answer =
      createObjectFromFactories(refInfo, name, nameCtx, environment);
  return (answer != null) ? answer : refInfo;
    }

    /*
     * Ref has no factory.  For each address of type "URL", try its URL
     * context factory.  Returns null if unsuccessful in creating and
     * invoking a factory.
     */
    static Object processURLAddrs(Reference ref, Name name, Context nameCtx,
          Hashtable environment)
      throws NamingException {

  for (int i = 0; i < ref.size(); i++) {
      RefAddr addr = ref.get(i);
      if (addr instanceof StringRefAddr &&
    addr.getType().equalsIgnoreCase("URL")) {

    String url = (String)addr.getContent();
    Object answer = processURL(url, name, nameCtx, environment);
    if (answer != null) {
        return answer;
    }
      }
  }
  return null;
    }

    private static Object processURL(Object refInfo, Name name,
             Context nameCtx, Hashtable environment)
      throws NamingException {
  Object answer;

  // If refInfo is a URL string, try to use its URL context factory
  // If no context found, continue to try object factories.
  if (refInfo instanceof String) {
      String url = (String)refInfo;
      String scheme = getURLScheme(url);
      if (scheme != null) {
    answer = getURLObject(scheme, refInfo, name, nameCtx,
              environment);
    if (answer != null) {
        return answer;
    }
      }
  }

  // If refInfo is an array of URL strings,
  // try to find a context factory for any one of its URLs.
  // If no context found, continue to try object factories.
  if (refInfo instanceof String[]) {
      String[] urls = (String[])refInfo;
      for (int i = 0; i <urls.length; i++) {
    String scheme = getURLScheme(urls[i]);
    if (scheme != null) {
        answer = getURLObject(scheme, refInfo, name, nameCtx,
            environment);
        if (answer != null)
      return answer;
    }
      }
  }
  return null;
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves a context identified by <code>obj</code>, using the specified
     * environment.
     * Used by ContinuationContext.
     *
     * @param obj  The object identifying the context.
     * @param name  The name of the context being returned, relative to
     *      <code>nameCtx</code>, or null if no name is being
     *      specified.
     *      See the <code>getObjectInstance</code> method for
     *      details.
     * @param ctx  The context relative to which <code>name</code> is
     *      specified, or null for the default initial context.
     *      See the <code>getObjectInstance</code> method for
     *      details.
     * @param environment Environment specifying characteristics of the
     *      resulting context.
     * @return A context identified by <code>obj</code>.
     *
     * @see #getObjectInstance
     */
    static Context getContext(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx,
            Hashtable environment) throws NamingException {
  Object answer;

  if (obj instanceof Context) {
      // %%% Ignore environment for now.  OK since method not public.
      return (Context)obj;
  }

  try {
      answer = getObjectInstance(obj, name, nameCtx, environment);
  } catch (NamingException e) {
      throw e;
  } catch (Exception e) {
      NamingException ne = new NamingException();
      ne.setRootCause(e);
      throw ne;
  }

  return (answer instanceof Context)
      ? (Context)answer
      : null;
    }

    // Used by ContinuationContext
    static Resolver getResolver(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx,
        Hashtable environment) throws NamingException {
  Object answer;

  if (obj instanceof Resolver) {
      // %%% Ignore environment for now.  OK since method not public.
      return (Resolver)obj;
  }

  try {
      answer = getObjectInstance(obj, name, nameCtx, environment);
  } catch (NamingException e) {
      throw e;
  } catch (Exception e) {
      NamingException ne = new NamingException();
      ne.setRootCause(e);
      throw ne;
  }

  return (answer instanceof Resolver)
      ? (Resolver)answer
      : null;
    }


    /***************** URL Context implementations ***************/

    /**
     * Creates a context for the given URL scheme id.
     * <p>
     * The resulting context is for resolving URLs of the
     * scheme <code>scheme</code>. The resulting context is not tied
     * to a specific URL. It is able to handle arbitrary URLs with
     * the specified scheme. 
     *<p>
     * The class name of the factory that creates the resulting context
     * has the naming convention <i>scheme-id</i>URLContextFactory
     * (e.g. "ftpURLContextFactory" for the "ftp" scheme-id),
     * in the package specified as follows.
     * The <tt>Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES</tt> environment property (which
     * may contain values taken from applet parameters, system properties,
     * or application resource files)
     * contains a colon-separated list of package prefixes.
     * Each package prefix in
     * the property is tried in the order specified to load the factory class.
     * The default package prefix is "com.sun.jndi.url" (if none of the
     * specified packages work, this default is tried).
     * The complete package name is constructed using the package prefix,
     * concatenated with the scheme id.
     *<p>
     * For example, if the scheme id is "ldap", and the
     * <tt>Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES</tt> property
     * contains "com.widget:com.wiz.jndi",
     * the naming manager would attempt to load the following classes
     * until one is successfully instantiated:
     *<ul>
     * <li>com.widget.ldap.ldapURLContextFactory
     *  <li>com.wiz.jndi.ldap.ldapURLContextFactory
     *  <li>com.sun.jndi.url.ldap.ldapURLContextFactory
     *</ul>
     * If none of the package prefixes work, null is returned.
     *<p>
     * If a factory is instantiated, it is invoked with the following
     * parameters to produce the resulting context.
     * <p>
     * <code>factory.getObjectInstance(null, environment);</code>
     * <p>
     * For example, invoking getObjectInstance() as shown above
     * on a LDAP URL context factory would return a
     * context that can resolve LDAP urls
     * (e.g. "ldap://ldap.wiz.com/o=wiz,c=us",
     * "ldap://ldap.umich.edu/o=umich,c=us", ...).
     *<p>
     * Note that an object factory (an object that implements the ObjectFactory
     * interface) must be public and must have a public constructor that
     * accepts no arguments.
     *
     * @param scheme   The non-null scheme-id of the URLs supported by the context.
     * @param environment The possibly null environment properties to be
     *     used in the creation of the object factory and the context.
     * @return A context for resolving URLs with the
     *         scheme id <code>scheme</code>;
     *   <code>null</code> if the factory for creating the
     *         context is not found.
     * @exception NamingException If a naming exception occurs while creating
     *    the context.
     * @see #getObjectInstance
     * @see ObjectFactory#getObjectInstance
     */
    public static Context getURLContext(String scheme,
          Hashtable<?,?> environment)
  throws NamingException
    {
  // pass in 'null' to indicate creation of generic context for scheme
  // (i.e. not specific to a URL).

      Object answer = getURLObject(scheme, null, null, null, environment);
      if (answer instanceof Context) {
    return (Context)answer;
      } else {
    return null;
      }
    }

    private static final String defaultPkgPrefix = "com.sun.jndi.url";

    /**
     * Creates an object for the given URL scheme id using
     * the supplied urlInfo.
     * <p>
     * If urlInfo is null, the result is a context for resolving URLs
     * with the scheme id 'scheme'.
     * If urlInfo is a URL, the result is a context named by the URL.
     * Names passed to this context is assumed to be relative to this
     * context (i.e. not a URL). For example, if urlInfo is
     * "ldap://ldap.wiz.com/o=Wiz,c=us", the resulting context will
     * be that pointed to by "o=Wiz,c=us" on the server 'ldap.wiz.com'.
     * Subsequent names that can be passed to this context will be
     * LDAP names relative to this context (e.g. cn="Barbs Jensen").
     * If urlInfo is an array of URLs, the URLs are assumed
     * to be equivalent in terms of the context to which they refer.
     * The resulting context is like that of the single URL case.
     * If urlInfo is of any other type, that is handled by the
     * context factory for the URL scheme.
     * @param scheme the URL scheme id for the context
     * @param urlInfo information used to create the context
     * @param name name of this object relative to <code>nameCtx</code>
     * @param nameCtx Context whose provider resource file will be searched
     *    for package prefix values (or null if none)
     * @param environment Environment properties for creating the context
     * @see javax.naming.InitialContext
     */
    private static Object getURLObject(String scheme, Object urlInfo,
               Name name, Context nameCtx,
               Hashtable environment)
      throws NamingException {

  // e.g. "ftpURLContextFactory"
  ObjectFactory factory = (ObjectFactory)ResourceManager.getFactory(
      Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, environment, nameCtx,
      "." + scheme + "." + scheme + "URLContextFactory", defaultPkgPrefix);
 
  if (factory == null)
    return null;

  // Found object factory
  try {
      return factory.getObjectInstance(urlInfo, name, nameCtx, environment);
  } catch (NamingException e) {
      throw e;
  } catch (Exception e) {
      NamingException ne = new NamingException();
      ne.setRootCause(e);
      throw ne;
  }

    }


// ------------ Initial Context Factory Stuff
    private static InitialContextFactoryBuilder initctx_factory_builder = null;

    /**
     * Use this method for accessing initctx_factory_builder while
     * inside an unsynchronized method.
     */
    private static synchronized InitialContextFactoryBuilder
    getInitialContextFactoryBuilder() {
  return initctx_factory_builder;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an initial context using the specified environment
     * properties.
     *<p>
     * If an InitialContextFactoryBuilder has been installed,
     * it is used to create the factory for creating the initial context.
     * Otherwise, the class specified in the
     * <tt>Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY</tt> environment property is used.
     * Note that an initial context factory (an object that implements the
     * InitialContextFactory interface) must be public and must have a
     * public constructor that accepts no arguments.
     *
     * @param env The possibly null environment properties used when
     *       creating the context.
     * @return A non-null initial context.
     * @exception NoInitialContextException If the
     *    <tt>Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY</tt> property
     *         is not found or names a nonexistent
     *         class or a class that cannot be instantiated,
     *    or if the initial context could not be created for some other
     *    reason.
     * @exception NamingException If some other naming exception was encountered.
     * @see javax.naming.InitialContext
     * @see javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext
     */
    public static Context getInitialContext(Hashtable<?,?> env)
  throws NamingException {
  InitialContextFactory factory;

  InitialContextFactoryBuilder builder = getInitialContextFactoryBuilder();
  if (builder == null) {
      // No factory installed, use property
      // Get initial context factory class name

      String className = env != null ?
          (String)env.get(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY) : null;
      if (className == null) {
    NoInitialContextException ne = new NoInitialContextException(
        "Need to specify class name in environment or system " +
        "property, or as an applet parameter, or in an " +
        "application resource file:  " +
        Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY);
    throw ne;
      }

      try {
    factory = (InitialContextFactory)
        helper.loadClass(className).newInstance();
      } catch(Exception e) {
    NoInitialContextException ne =
        new NoInitialContextException(
      "Cannot instantiate class: " + className);
    ne.setRootCause(e);
    throw ne;
      }
  } else {
      factory = builder.createInitialContextFactory(env);
  }

  return factory.getInitialContext(env);
    }


    /**
     * Sets the InitialContextFactory builder to be builder.
     *
     *<p>
     * The builder can only be installed if the executing thread is allowed by
     * the security manager to do so. Once installed, the builder cannot
     * be replaced.
     * @param builder The initial context factory builder to install. If null,
     *                no builder is set.
     * @exception SecurityException builder cannot be installed for security
     *      reasons.
     * @exception NamingException builder cannot be installed for
     *         a non-security-related reason.
     * @exception IllegalStateException If a builder was previous installed.
     * @see #hasInitialContextFactoryBuilder
     * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkSetFactory
     */
    public static synchronized void setInitialContextFactoryBuilder(
  InitialContextFactoryBuilder builder)
  throws NamingException {
      if (initctx_factory_builder != null)
    throw new IllegalStateException(
        "InitialContextFactoryBuilder already set");

      SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
      if (security != null) {
    security.checkSetFactory();
      }
      initctx_factory_builder = builder;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether an initial context factory builder has
     * been set.
     * @return true if an initial context factory builder has
     *     been set; false otherwise.
     * @see #setInitialContextFactoryBuilder
     */
    public static boolean hasInitialContextFactoryBuilder() {
  return (getInitialContextFactoryBuilder() != null);
    }

// -----  Continuation Context Stuff

    /**
     * Constant that holds the name of the environment property into
     * which <tt>getContinuationContext()</tt> stores the value of its
     * <tt>CannotProceedException</tt> parameter.
     * This property is inherited by the continuation context, and may
     * be used by that context's service provider to inspect the
     * fields of the exception.
     *<p>
     * The value of this constant is "java.naming.spi.CannotProceedException".
     *
     * @see #getContinuationContext
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public static final String CPE = "java.naming.spi.CannotProceedException";

    /**
     * Creates a context in which to continue a context operation.
     *<p>
     * In performing an operation on a name that spans multiple
     * namespaces, a context from one naming system may need to pass
     * the operation on to the next naming system.  The context
     * implementation does this by first constructing a
     * <code>CannotProceedException</code> containing information
     * pinpointing how far it has proceeded.  It then obtains a
     * continuation context from JNDI by calling
     * <code>getContinuationContext</code>.  The context
     * implementation should then resume the context operation by
     * invoking the same operation on the continuation context, using
     * the remainder of the name that has not yet been resolved.
     *<p>
     * Before making use of the <tt>cpe</tt> parameter, this method
     * updates the environment associated with that object by setting
     * the value of the property <a href="#CPE"><tt>CPE</tt></a>
     * to <tt>cpe</tt>.  This property will be inherited by the
     * continuation context, and may be used by that context's
     * service provider to inspect the fields of this exception.
     *
     * @param cpe
     *    The non-null exception that triggered this continuation.
     * @return A non-null Context object for continuing the operation.
     * @exception NamingException If a naming exception occurred.
     */
    public static Context getContinuationContext(CannotProceedException cpe)
      throws NamingException {

  Hashtable env = cpe.getEnvironment();
        if (env == null) {
            env = new Hashtable(7);
        } else {
            // Make a (shallow) copy of the environment.
            env = (Hashtable) env.clone();
        }
  env.put(CPE, cpe);

  ContinuationContext cctx = new ContinuationContext(cpe, env);
  return cctx.getTargetContext();
    }

// ------------ State Factory Stuff

    /**
     * Retrieves the state of an object for binding.
     * <p>
     * Service providers that implement the <tt>DirContext</tt> interface
     * should use <tt>DirectoryManager.getStateToBind()</tt>, not this method.
     * Service providers that implement only the <tt>Context</tt> interface
     * should use this method.
     *<p>
     * This method uses the specified state factories in
     * the <tt>Context.STATE_FACTORIES</tt> property from the environment
     * properties, and from the provider resource file associated with
     * <tt>nameCtx</tt>, in that order.
     *    The value of this property is a colon-separated list of factory
     *    class names that are tried in order, and the first one that succeeds
     *    in returning the object's state is the one used.
     * If no object's state can be retrieved in this way, return the
     * object itself.
     *    If an exception is encountered while retrieving the state, the
     *    exception is passed up to the caller.
     * <p>
     * Note that a state factory
     * (an object that implements the StateFactory
     * interface) must be public and must have a public constructor that
     * accepts no arguments.
     * <p>
     * The <code>name</code> and <code>nameCtx</code> parameters may
     * optionally be used to specify the name of the object being created.
     * See the description of "Name and Context Parameters" in
     * {@link ObjectFactory#getObjectInstance
     *    ObjectFactory.getObjectInstance()}
     * for details.
     * <p>
     * This method may return a <tt>Referenceable</tt> object.  The
     * service provider obtaining this object may choose to store it
     * directly, or to extract its reference (using
     * <tt>Referenceable.getReference()</tt>) and store that instead.
     *
     * @param obj The non-null object for which to get state to bind.
     * @param name The name of this object relative to <code>nameCtx</code>,
     *    or null if no name is specified.
     * @param nameCtx The context relative to which the <code>name</code>
     *    parameter is specified, or null if <code>name</code> is
     *    relative to the default initial context.
     *  @param environment The possibly null environment to
     *    be used in the creation of the state factory and
     *   the object's state.
     * @return The non-null object representing <tt>obj</tt>'s state for
     *   binding.  It could be the object (<tt>obj</tt>) itself.
     * @exception NamingException If one of the factories accessed throws an
     *    exception, or if an error was encountered while loading
     *          and instantiating the factory and object classes.
     *    A factory should only throw an exception if it does not want
     *    other factories to be used in an attempt to create an object.
     *   See <tt>StateFactory.getStateToBind()</tt>.
     * @see StateFactory
     * @see StateFactory#getStateToBind
     * @see DirectoryManager#getStateToBind
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public static Object
  getStateToBind(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx,
           Hashtable<?,?> environment)
  throws NamingException
    {

  FactoryEnumeration factories = ResourceManager.getFactories(
      Context.STATE_FACTORIES, environment, nameCtx);

  if (factories == null) {
      return obj;
  }

  // Try each factory until one succeeds
  StateFactory factory;
  Object answer = null;
  while (answer == null && factories.hasMore()) {
      factory = (StateFactory)factories.next();
      answer = factory.getStateToBind(obj, name, nameCtx, environment);
  }

  return (answer != null) ? answer : obj;
    }
}
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