/*
* @(#)Inet6Address.java 1.37 06/04/07
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package java.net;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import sun.security.action.*;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* This class represents an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address.
* Defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt">
* <i>RFC 2373: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a>.
*
* <h4> <A NAME="format">Textual representation of IP addresses</a> </h4>
*
* Textual representation of IPv6 address used as input to methods
* takes one of the following forms:
*
* <ol>
* <li><p> <A NAME="lform">The preferred form</a> is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x,
* where the 'x's are
* the hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the
* address. This is the full form. For example,
*
* <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
* <tr><td><tt>1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A</tt><td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
*
* <p> Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in
* an individual field. However, there must be at least one numeral
* in every field, except as described below.</li>
*
* <li><p> Due to some methods of allocating certain styles of IPv6
* addresses, it will be common for addresses to contain long
* strings of zero bits. In order to make writing addresses
* containing zero bits easier, a special syntax is available to
* compress the zeros. The use of "::" indicates multiple groups
* of 16-bits of zeros. The "::" can only appear once in an address.
* The "::" can also be used to compress the leading and/or trailing
* zeros in an address. For example,
*
* <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
* <tr><td><tt>1080::8:800:200C:417A</tt><td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
*
* <li><p> An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient
* when dealing with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes is
* x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values
* of the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's
* are the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
* standard IPv4 representation address, for example,
*
* <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
* <tr><td><tt>::FFFF:129.144.52.38</tt><td></tr>
* <tr><td><tt>::129.144.52.38</tt><td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
*
* <p> where "::FFFF:d.d.d.d" and "::d.d.d.d" are, respectively, the
* general forms of an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address and an
* IPv4-compatible IPv6 address. Note that the IPv4 portion must be
* in the "d.d.d.d" form. The following forms are invalid:
*
* <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
* <tr><td><tt>::FFFF:d.d.d</tt><td></tr>
* <tr><td><tt>::FFFF:d.d</tt><td></tr>
* <tr><td><tt>::d.d.d</tt><td></tr>
* <tr><td><tt>::d.d</tt><td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
*
* <p> The following form:
*
* <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
* <tr><td><tt>::FFFF:d</tt><td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
*
* <p> is valid, however it is an unconventional representation of
* the IPv4-compatible IPv6 address,
*
* <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
* <tr><td><tt>::255.255.0.d</tt><td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
*
* <p> while "::d" corresponds to the general IPv6 address
* "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:d".</li>
* </ol>
*
* <p> For methods that return a textual representation as output
* value, the full form is used. Inet6Address will return the full
* form because it is unambiguous when used in combination with other
* textual data.
*
* <h4> Special IPv6 address </h4>
*
* <blockquote>
* <table cellspacing=2 summary="Description of IPv4-mapped address"> <tr><th valign=top><i>IPv4-mapped address</i></th>
* <td>Of the form::ffff:w.x.y.z, this IPv6 address is used to
* represent an IPv4 address. It allows the native program to
* use the same address data structure and also the same
* socket when communicating with both IPv4 and IPv6 nodes.
*
* <p>In InetAddress and Inet6Address, it is used for internal
* representation; it has no functional role. Java will never
* return an IPv4-mapped address. These classes can take an
* IPv4-mapped address as input, both in byte array and text
* representation. However, it will be converted into an IPv4
* address.</td></tr>
* </table></blockquote>
* <p>
* <h4> <A NAME="scoped">Textual representation of IPv6 scoped addresses</a> </h4>
* <p>
* The textual representation of IPv6 addresses as described above can be extended
* to specify IPv6 scoped addresses. This extension to the basic addressing architecture
* is described in [draft-ietf-ipngwg-scoping-arch-04.txt].
* <p>
* Because link-local and site-local addresses are non-global, it is possible that different hosts
* may have the same destination address and may be reachable through different interfaces on the
* same originating system. In this case, the originating system is said to be connected
* to multiple zones of the same scope. In order to disambiguate which is the intended destination
* zone, it is possible to append a zone identifier (or <i>scope_id</i>) to an IPv6 address.
* <p>
* The general format for specifying the <i>scope_id</i> is the following:
* <p><blockquote><i>IPv6-address</i>%<i>scope_id</i></blockquote>
* <p> The IPv6-address is a literal IPv6 address as described above.
* The <i>scope_id</i> refers to an interface on the local system, and it can be specified
* in two ways.
* <p><ol><li><i>As a numeric identifier.</i> This must be a positive integer that identifies the
* particular interface and scope as understood by the system. Usually, the numeric
* values can be determined through administration tools on the system. Each interface may
* have multiple values, one for each scope. If the scope is unspecified, then the default value
* used is zero.</li><p>
* <li><i>As a string.</i> This must be the exact string that is returned by
* {@link java.net.NetworkInterface#getName()} for the particular interface in question.
* When an Inet6Address is created in this way, the numeric scope-id is determined at the time
* the object is created by querying the relevant NetworkInterface.</li>
* </ol><p>
* Note also, that the numeric <i>scope_id</i> can be retrieved from Inet6Address instances returned from the
* NetworkInterface class. This can be used to find out the current scope ids configured on the system.
* @since 1.4
*/
public final
class Inet6Address extends InetAddress {
final static int INADDRSZ = 16;
/*
* cached scope_id - for link-local address use only.
*/
private transient int cached_scope_id = 0;
/**
* Holds a 128-bit (16 bytes) IPv6 address.
*
* @serial
*/
byte[] ipaddress;
/**
* scope_id. The scope specified when the object is created. If the object is created
* with an interface name, then the scope_id is not determined until the time it is needed.
*/
private int scope_id = 0;
/**
* This will be set to true when the scope_id field contains a valid
* integer scope_id.
*/
private boolean scope_id_set = false;
/**
* scoped interface. scope_id is derived from this as the scope_id of the first
* address whose scope is the same as this address for the named interface.
*/
private transient NetworkInterface scope_ifname = null;
/**
* set if the object is constructed with a scoped interface instead of a
* numeric scope id.
*/
private boolean scope_ifname_set = false;
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6880410070516793377L;
/*
* Perform initializations.
*/
static {
init();
}
Inet6Address() {
super();
hostName = null;
ipaddress = new byte[INADDRSZ];
family = IPv6;
}
/* checking of value for scope_id should be done by caller
* scope_id must be >= 0, or -1 to indicate not being set
*/
Inet6Address(String hostName, byte addr[], int scope_id) {
this.hostName = hostName;
if (addr.length == INADDRSZ) { // normal IPv6 address
family = IPv6;
ipaddress = (byte[])addr.clone();
}
if (scope_id >= 0) {
this.scope_id = scope_id;
scope_id_set = true;
}
}
Inet6Address(String hostName, byte addr[]) {
try {
initif (hostName, addr, null);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {} /* cant happen if ifname is null */
}
Inet6Address (String hostName, byte addr[], NetworkInterface nif) throws UnknownHostException {
initif (hostName, addr, nif);
}
Inet6Address (String hostName, byte addr[], String ifname) throws UnknownHostException {
initstr (hostName, addr, ifname);
}
/**
* Create an Inet6Address in the exact manner of {@link InetAddress#getByAddress(String,byte[])}
* except that the IPv6 scope_id is set to the value corresponding to the given interface
* for the address type specified in <code>addr</code>.
* The call will fail with an UnknownHostException if the given interface does not have a numeric
* scope_id assigned for the given address type (eg. link-local or site-local).
* See <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a> for a description of IPv6
* scoped addresses.
*
* @param host the specified host
* @param addr the raw IP address in network byte order
* @param nif an interface this address must be associated with.
* @return an Inet6Address object created from the raw IP address.
* @exception UnknownHostException if IP address is of illegal length, or if the interface
* does not have a numeric scope_id assigned for the given address type.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Inet6Address getByAddress(String host, byte[] addr, NetworkInterface nif)
throws UnknownHostException {
if (host != null && host.length() > 0 && host.charAt(0) == '[') {
if (host.charAt(host.length()-1) == ']') {
host = host.substring(1, host.length() -1);
}
}
if (addr != null) {
if (addr.length == Inet6Address.INADDRSZ) {
return new Inet6Address(host, addr, nif);
}
}
throw new UnknownHostException("addr is of illegal length");
}
/**
* Create an Inet6Address in the exact manner of {@link InetAddress#getByAddress(String,byte[])}
* except that the IPv6 scope_id is set to the given numeric value.
* The scope_id is not checked to determine if it corresponds to any interface on the system.
* See <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a> for a description of IPv6
* scoped addresses.
*
* @param host the specified host
* @param addr the raw IP address in network byte order
* @param scope_id the numeric scope_id for the address.
* @return an Inet6Address object created from the raw IP address.
* @exception UnknownHostException if IP address is of illegal length.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Inet6Address getByAddress(String host, byte[] addr, int scope_id)
throws UnknownHostException {
if (host != null && host.length() > 0 && host.charAt(0) == '[') {
if (host.charAt(host.length()-1) == ']') {
host = host.substring(1, host.length() -1);
}
}
if (addr != null) {
if (addr.length == Inet6Address.INADDRSZ) {
return new Inet6Address(host, addr, scope_id);
}
}
throw new UnknownHostException("addr is of illegal length");
}
private void initstr (String hostName, byte addr[], String ifname) throws UnknownHostException {
try {
NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName (ifname);
if (nif == null) {
throw new UnknownHostException ("no such interface " + ifname);
}
initif (hostName, addr, nif);
} catch (SocketException e) {
throw new UnknownHostException ("SocketException thrown" + ifname);
}
}
private void initif(String hostName, byte addr[],NetworkInterface nif) throws UnknownHostException {
this.hostName = hostName;
if (addr.length == INADDRSZ) { // normal IPv6 address
family = IPv6;
ipaddress = (byte[])addr.clone();
}
if (nif != null) {
this.scope_ifname = nif;
scope_ifname_set = true;
scope_id = deriveNumericScope (nif);
scope_id_set = true;
}
}
/* check the two Ipv6 addresses and return false if they are both
* non global address types, but not the same.
* (ie. one is sitelocal and the other linklocal)
* return true otherwise.
*/
private boolean differentLocalAddressTypes(Inet6Address other) {
if (isLinkLocalAddress() && !other.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
return false;
}
if (isSiteLocalAddress() && !other.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
private int deriveNumericScope (NetworkInterface ifc) throws UnknownHostException {
Enumeration addresses = ifc.getInetAddresses();
while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
InetAddress address = (InetAddress)addresses.nextElement();
if (!(address instanceof Inet6Address)) {
continue;
}
Inet6Address ia6_addr = (Inet6Address)address;
/* check if site or link local prefixes match */
if (!differentLocalAddressTypes(ia6_addr)){
/* type not the same, so carry on searching */
continue;
}
/* found a matching address - return its scope_id */
return ia6_addr.scope_id;
}
throw new UnknownHostException ("no scope_id found");
}
private int deriveNumericScope (String ifname) throws UnknownHostException {
Enumeration en;
try {
en = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
} catch (SocketException e) {
throw new UnknownHostException ("could not enumerate local network interfaces");
}
while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
NetworkInterface ifc = (NetworkInterface)en.nextElement();
if (ifc.getName().equals (ifname)) {
Enumeration addresses = ifc.getInetAddresses();
while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
InetAddress address = (InetAddress)addresses.nextElement();
if (!(address instanceof Inet6Address)) {
continue;
}
Inet6Address ia6_addr = (Inet6Address)address;
/* check if site or link local prefixes match */
if (!differentLocalAddressTypes(ia6_addr)){
/* type not the same, so carry on searching */
continue;
}
/* found a matching address - return its scope_id */
return ia6_addr.scope_id;
}
}
}
throw new UnknownHostException ("No matching address found for interface : " +ifname);
}
/**
* restore the state of this object from stream
* including the scope information, only if the
* scoped interface name is valid on this system
*/
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
scope_ifname = null;
scope_ifname_set = false;
s.defaultReadObject();
if (ifname != null && !"".equals (ifname)) {
try {
scope_ifname = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifname);
try {
scope_id = deriveNumericScope (scope_ifname);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
// should not happen
assert false;
}
} catch (SocketException e) {}
if (scope_ifname == null) {
/* the interface does not exist on this system, so we clear
* the scope information completely */
scope_id_set = false;
scope_ifname_set = false;
scope_id = 0;
}
}
/* if ifname was not supplied, then the numeric info is used */
ipaddress = (byte[])ipaddress.clone();
// Check that our invariants are satisfied
if (ipaddress.length != INADDRSZ) {
throw new InvalidObjectException("invalid address length: "+
ipaddress.length);
}
if (family != IPv6) {
throw new InvalidObjectException("invalid address family type");
}
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an IP multicast
* address. 11111111 at the start of the address identifies the
* address as being a multicast address.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the InetAddress is
* an IP multicast address
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public boolean isMulticastAddress() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the InetAddress in a wildcard address.
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the Inetaddress is
* a wildcard address.
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isAnyLocalAddress() {
byte test = 0x00;
for (int i = 0; i < INADDRSZ; i++) {
test |= ipaddress[i];
}
return (test == 0x00);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a loopback address.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the InetAddress is
* a loopback address; or false otherwise.
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isLoopbackAddress() {
byte test = 0x00;
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
test |= ipaddress[i];
}
return (test == 0x00) && (ipaddress[15] == 0x01);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an link local address.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the InetAddress is
* a link local address; or false if address is not a link local unicast address.
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isLinkLocalAddress() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a site local address.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the InetAddress is
* a site local address; or false if address is not a site local unicast address.
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isSiteLocalAddress() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0xc0) == 0xc0);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the multicast address has global scope.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the address has
* is a multicast address of global scope, false if it is not
* of global scope or it is not a multicast address
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isMCGlobal() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x0e);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the multicast address has node scope.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the address has
* is a multicast address of node-local scope, false if it is not
* of node-local scope or it is not a multicast address
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isMCNodeLocal() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x01);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the multicast address has link scope.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the address has
* is a multicast address of link-local scope, false if it is not
* of link-local scope or it is not a multicast address
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isMCLinkLocal() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x02);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the multicast address has site scope.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the address has
* is a multicast address of site-local scope, false if it is not
* of site-local scope or it is not a multicast address
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isMCSiteLocal() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x05);
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the multicast address has organization scope.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the address has
* is a multicast address of organization-local scope,
* false if it is not of organization-local scope
* or it is not a multicast address
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isMCOrgLocal() {
return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
&& (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x08);
}
/**
* Returns the raw IP address of this <code>InetAddress</code>
* object. The result is in network byte order: the highest order
* byte of the address is in <code>getAddress()[0]</code>.
*
* @return the raw IP address of this object.
*/
public byte[] getAddress() {
return (byte[])ipaddress.clone();
}
/**
* Returns the numeric scopeId, if this instance is associated with
* an interface. If no scoped_id is set, the returned value is zero.
*
* @return the scopeId, or zero if not set.
* @since 1.5
*/
public int getScopeId () {
return scope_id;
}
/**
* Returns the scoped interface, if this instance was created with
* with a scoped interface.
*
* @return the scoped interface, or null if not set.
* @since 1.5
*/
public NetworkInterface getScopedInterface () {
return scope_ifname;
}
/**
* Returns the IP address string in textual presentation. If the instance was created
* specifying a scope identifier then the scope id is appended to the IP address preceded by
* a "%" (per-cent) character. This can be either a numeric value or a string, depending on which
* was used to createthe instance.
*
* @return the raw IP address in a string format.
*/
public String getHostAddress() {
String s = numericToTextFormat(ipaddress);
if (scope_ifname_set) { /* must check this first */
s = s + "%" + scope_ifname.getName();
} else if (scope_id_set) {
s = s + "%" + scope_id;
}
return s;
}
/**
* Returns a hashcode for this IP address.
*
* @return a hash code value for this IP address.
*/
public int hashCode() {
if (ipaddress != null) {
int hash = 0;
int i=0;
while (i<INADDRSZ) {
int j=0;
int component=0;
while (j<4 && i<INADDRSZ) {
component = (component << 8) + ipaddress[i];
j++;
i++;
}
hash += component;
}
return hash;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
/**
* Compares this object against the specified object.
* The result is <code>true</code> if and only if the argument is
* not <code>null</code> and it represents the same IP address as
* this object.
* <p>
* Two instances of <code>InetAddress</code> represent the same IP
* address if the length of the byte arrays returned by
* <code>getAddress</code> is the same for both, and each of the
* array components is the same for the byte arrays.
*
* @param obj the object to compare against.
* @return <code>true</code> if the objects are the same;
* <code>false</code> otherwise.
* @see java.net.InetAddress#getAddress()
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj == null ||
!(obj instanceof Inet6Address))
return false;
Inet6Address inetAddr = (Inet6Address)obj;
for (int i = 0; i < INADDRSZ; i++) {
if (ipaddress[i] != inetAddr.ipaddress[i])
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an
* IPv4 compatible IPv6 address.
*
* @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating if the InetAddress is
* an IPv4 compatible IPv6 address; or false if address is IPv4 address.
* @since 1.4
*/
public boolean isIPv4CompatibleAddress() {
if ((ipaddress[0] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[1] == 0x00) &&
(ipaddress[2] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[3] == 0x00) &&
(ipaddress[4] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[5] == 0x00) &&
(ipaddress[6] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[7] == 0x00) &&
(ipaddress[8] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[9] == 0x00) &&
(ipaddress[10] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[11] == 0x00)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Utilities
private final static int INT16SZ = 2;
/*
* Convert IPv6 binary address into presentation (printable) format.
*
* @param src a byte array representing the IPv6 numeric address
* @return a String representing an IPv6 address in
* textual representation format
* @since 1.4
*/
static String numericToTextFormat(byte[] src)
{
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(39);
for (int i = 0; i < (INADDRSZ / INT16SZ); i++) {
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(((src[i<<1]<<8) & 0xff00)
| (src[(i<<1)+1] & 0xff)));
if (i < (INADDRSZ / INT16SZ) -1 ) {
sb.append(":");
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Perform class load-time initializations.
*/
private static native void init();
/**
* Following field is only used during (de)/serialization
*/
private String ifname;
/**
* default behavior is overridden in order to write the
* scope_ifname field as a String, rather than a NetworkInterface
* which is not serializable
*/
private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws IOException
{
if (scope_ifname_set) {
ifname = scope_ifname.getName();
}
s.defaultWriteObject();
}
}