/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.jpeg.exif;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.ImageReadException;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.ImageWriteException;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.common.BinaryFileParser;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.common.ByteConversions;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.common.bytesource.ByteSource;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.common.bytesource.ByteSourceArray;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.common.bytesource.ByteSourceFile;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.common.bytesource.ByteSourceInputStream;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.jpeg.JpegConstants;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.jpeg.JpegUtils;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffImageWriterBase;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffImageWriterLossless;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffImageWriterLossy;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputSet;
import org.apache.commons.imaging.util.IoUtils;
import static org.apache.commons.imaging.common.BinaryFunctions.*;
/**
* Interface for Exif write/update/remove functionality for Jpeg/JFIF images.
* <p>
* <p>
* See the source of the ExifMetadataUpdateExample class for example usage.
*
* @see <a
* href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/proper/imaging/trunk/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/imaging/examples/WriteExifMetadataExample.java">org.apache.commons.imaging.examples.WriteExifMetadataExample</a>
*/
public class ExifRewriter extends BinaryFileParser {
/**
* Constructor. to guess whether a file contains an image based on its file
* extension.
*/
public ExifRewriter() {
this(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
}
/**
* Constructor.
* <p>
*
* @param byteOrder
* byte order of EXIF segment.
*/
public ExifRewriter(final ByteOrder byteOrder) {
setByteOrder(byteOrder);
}
private static class JFIFPieces {
public final List<JFIFPiece> pieces;
public final List<JFIFPiece> exifPieces;
public JFIFPieces(final List<JFIFPiece> pieces,
final List<JFIFPiece> exifPieces) {
this.pieces = pieces;
this.exifPieces = exifPieces;
}
}
private abstract static class JFIFPiece {
protected abstract void write(OutputStream os) throws IOException;
}
private static class JFIFPieceSegment extends JFIFPiece {
public final int marker;
public final byte[] markerBytes;
public final byte[] markerLengthBytes;
public final byte[] segmentData;
public JFIFPieceSegment(final int marker, final byte[] markerBytes,
final byte[] markerLengthBytes, final byte[] segmentData) {
this.marker = marker;
this.markerBytes = markerBytes;
this.markerLengthBytes = markerLengthBytes;
this.segmentData = segmentData;
}
@Override
protected void write(final OutputStream os) throws IOException {
os.write(markerBytes);
os.write(markerLengthBytes);
os.write(segmentData);
}
}
private static class JFIFPieceSegmentExif extends JFIFPieceSegment {
public JFIFPieceSegmentExif(final int marker, final byte[] markerBytes,
final byte[] markerLengthBytes, final byte[] segmentData) {
super(marker, markerBytes, markerLengthBytes, segmentData);
}
}
private static class JFIFPieceImageData extends JFIFPiece {
public final byte[] markerBytes;
public final byte[] imageData;
public JFIFPieceImageData(final byte[] markerBytes, final byte[] imageData) {
super();
this.markerBytes = markerBytes;
this.imageData = imageData;
}
@Override
protected void write(final OutputStream os) throws IOException {
os.write(markerBytes);
os.write(imageData);
}
}
private JFIFPieces analyzeJFIF(final ByteSource byteSource)
throws ImageReadException, IOException
// , ImageWriteException
{
final List<JFIFPiece> pieces = new ArrayList<JFIFPiece>();
final List<JFIFPiece> exifPieces = new ArrayList<JFIFPiece>();
final JpegUtils.Visitor visitor = new JpegUtils.Visitor() {
// return false to exit before reading image data.
public boolean beginSOS() {
return true;
}
public void visitSOS(final int marker, final byte[] markerBytes, final byte[] imageData) {
pieces.add(new JFIFPieceImageData(markerBytes, imageData));
}
// return false to exit traversal.
public boolean visitSegment(final int marker, final byte[] markerBytes,
final int markerLength, final byte[] markerLengthBytes,
final byte[] segmentData) throws
// ImageWriteException,
ImageReadException, IOException {
if (marker != JpegConstants.JPEG_APP1_MARKER) {
pieces.add(new JFIFPieceSegment(marker, markerBytes,
markerLengthBytes, segmentData));
} else if (!startsWith(segmentData,
JpegConstants.EXIF_IDENTIFIER_CODE)) {
pieces.add(new JFIFPieceSegment(marker, markerBytes,
markerLengthBytes, segmentData));
// } else if (exifSegmentArray[0] != null) {
// // TODO: add support for multiple segments
// throw new ImageReadException(
// "More than one APP1 EXIF segment.");
} else {
final JFIFPiece piece = new JFIFPieceSegmentExif(marker,
markerBytes, markerLengthBytes, segmentData);
pieces.add(piece);
exifPieces.add(piece);
}
return true;
}
};
new JpegUtils().traverseJFIF(byteSource, visitor);
// GenericSegment exifSegment = exifSegmentArray[0];
// if (exifSegments.size() < 1)
// {
// // TODO: add support for adding, not just replacing.
// throw new ImageReadException("No APP1 EXIF segment found.");
// }
return new JFIFPieces(pieces, exifPieces);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, removes all EXIF metadata (by removing the APP1
* segment), and writes the result to a stream.
* <p>
*
* @param src
* Image file.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
*
* @see java.io.File
* @see java.io.OutputStream
* @see java.io.File
* @see java.io.OutputStream
*/
public void removeExifMetadata(final File src, final OutputStream os)
throws ImageReadException, IOException, ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceFile(src);
removeExifMetadata(byteSource, os);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, removes all EXIF metadata (by removing the APP1
* segment), and writes the result to a stream.
* <p>
*
* @param src
* Byte array containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
*/
public void removeExifMetadata(final byte[] src, final OutputStream os)
throws ImageReadException, IOException, ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceArray(src);
removeExifMetadata(byteSource, os);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, removes all EXIF metadata (by removing the APP1
* segment), and writes the result to a stream.
* <p>
*
* @param src
* InputStream containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
*/
public void removeExifMetadata(final InputStream src, final OutputStream os)
throws ImageReadException, IOException, ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceInputStream(src, null);
removeExifMetadata(byteSource, os);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, removes all EXIF metadata (by removing the APP1
* segment), and writes the result to a stream.
* <p>
*
* @param byteSource
* ByteSource containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
*/
public void removeExifMetadata(final ByteSource byteSource, final OutputStream os)
throws ImageReadException, IOException, ImageWriteException {
final JFIFPieces jfifPieces = analyzeJFIF(byteSource);
final List<JFIFPiece> pieces = jfifPieces.pieces;
// Debug.debug("pieces", pieces);
// pieces.removeAll(jfifPieces.exifSegments);
// Debug.debug("pieces", pieces);
writeSegmentsReplacingExif(os, pieces, null);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossless" approach - in order to preserve data
* embedded in the EXIF segment that it can't parse (such as Maker Notes),
* this algorithm avoids overwriting any part of the original segment that
* it couldn't parse. This can cause the EXIF segment to grow with each
* update, which is a serious issue, since all EXIF data must fit in a
* single APP1 segment of the Jpeg image.
* <p>
*
* @param src
* Image file.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossless(final File src, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceFile(src);
updateExifMetadataLossless(byteSource, os, outputSet);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossless" approach - in order to preserve data
* embedded in the EXIF segment that it can't parse (such as Maker Notes),
* this algorithm avoids overwriting any part of the original segment that
* it couldn't parse. This can cause the EXIF segment to grow with each
* update, which is a serious issue, since all EXIF data must fit in a
* single APP1 segment of the Jpeg image.
* <p>
*
* @param src
* Byte array containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossless(final byte[] src, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceArray(src);
updateExifMetadataLossless(byteSource, os, outputSet);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossless" approach - in order to preserve data
* embedded in the EXIF segment that it can't parse (such as Maker Notes),
* this algorithm avoids overwriting any part of the original segment that
* it couldn't parse. This can cause the EXIF segment to grow with each
* update, which is a serious issue, since all EXIF data must fit in a
* single APP1 segment of the Jpeg image.
* <p>
*
* @param src
* InputStream containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossless(final InputStream src, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceInputStream(src, null);
updateExifMetadataLossless(byteSource, os, outputSet);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossless" approach - in order to preserve data
* embedded in the EXIF segment that it can't parse (such as Maker Notes),
* this algorithm avoids overwriting any part of the original segment that
* it couldn't parse. This can cause the EXIF segment to grow with each
* update, which is a serious issue, since all EXIF data must fit in a
* single APP1 segment of the Jpeg image.
* <p>
*
* @param byteSource
* ByteSource containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossless(final ByteSource byteSource,
final OutputStream os, final TiffOutputSet outputSet)
throws ImageReadException, IOException, ImageWriteException {
// List outputDirectories = outputSet.getDirectories();
final JFIFPieces jfifPieces = analyzeJFIF(byteSource);
final List<JFIFPiece> pieces = jfifPieces.pieces;
TiffImageWriterBase writer;
// Just use first APP1 segment for now.
// Multiple APP1 segments are rare and poorly supported.
if (jfifPieces.exifPieces.size() > 0) {
JFIFPieceSegment exifPiece = null;
exifPiece = (JFIFPieceSegment) jfifPieces.exifPieces.get(0);
byte[] exifBytes = exifPiece.segmentData;
exifBytes = remainingBytes("trimmed exif bytes", exifBytes, 6);
writer = new TiffImageWriterLossless(outputSet.byteOrder, exifBytes);
} else {
writer = new TiffImageWriterLossy(outputSet.byteOrder);
}
final boolean includeEXIFPrefix = true;
final byte[] newBytes = writeExifSegment(writer, outputSet, includeEXIFPrefix);
writeSegmentsReplacingExif(os, pieces, newBytes);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossy" approach - the algorithm overwrites the
* entire EXIF segment, ignoring the possibility that it may be discarding
* data it couldn't parse (such as Maker Notes).
* <p>
*
* @param src
* Byte array containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossy(final byte[] src, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceArray(src);
updateExifMetadataLossy(byteSource, os, outputSet);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossy" approach - the algorithm overwrites the
* entire EXIF segment, ignoring the possibility that it may be discarding
* data it couldn't parse (such as Maker Notes).
* <p>
*
* @param src
* InputStream containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossy(final InputStream src, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceInputStream(src, null);
updateExifMetadataLossy(byteSource, os, outputSet);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossy" approach - the algorithm overwrites the
* entire EXIF segment, ignoring the possibility that it may be discarding
* data it couldn't parse (such as Maker Notes).
* <p>
*
* @param src
* Image file.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossy(final File src, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final ByteSource byteSource = new ByteSourceFile(src);
updateExifMetadataLossy(byteSource, os, outputSet);
}
/**
* Reads a Jpeg image, replaces the EXIF metadata and writes the result to a
* stream.
* <p>
* Note that this uses the "Lossy" approach - the algorithm overwrites the
* entire EXIF segment, ignoring the possibility that it may be discarding
* data it couldn't parse (such as Maker Notes).
* <p>
*
* @param byteSource
* ByteSource containing Jpeg image data.
* @param os
* OutputStream to write the image to.
* @param outputSet
* TiffOutputSet containing the EXIF data to write.
*/
public void updateExifMetadataLossy(final ByteSource byteSource, final OutputStream os,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet) throws ImageReadException, IOException,
ImageWriteException {
final JFIFPieces jfifPieces = analyzeJFIF(byteSource);
final List<JFIFPiece> pieces = jfifPieces.pieces;
final TiffImageWriterBase writer = new TiffImageWriterLossy(
outputSet.byteOrder);
final boolean includeEXIFPrefix = true;
final byte[] newBytes = writeExifSegment(writer, outputSet, includeEXIFPrefix);
writeSegmentsReplacingExif(os, pieces, newBytes);
}
private void writeSegmentsReplacingExif(final OutputStream os,
final List<JFIFPiece> segments, final byte[] newBytes)
throws ImageWriteException, IOException {
boolean canThrow = false;
try {
JpegConstants.SOI.writeTo(os);
boolean hasExif = false;
for (final JFIFPiece piece : segments) {
if (piece instanceof JFIFPieceSegmentExif) {
hasExif = true;
}
}
if (!hasExif && newBytes != null) {
final byte[] markerBytes = ByteConversions.toBytes((short) JpegConstants.JPEG_APP1_MARKER, getByteOrder());
if (newBytes.length > 0xffff) {
throw new ExifOverflowException(
"APP1 Segment is too long: " + newBytes.length);
}
final int markerLength = newBytes.length + 2;
final byte[] markerLengthBytes = ByteConversions.toBytes((short) markerLength, getByteOrder());
int index = 0;
final JFIFPieceSegment firstSegment = (JFIFPieceSegment) segments
.get(index);
if (firstSegment.marker == JpegConstants.JFIF_MARKER) {
index = 1;
}
segments.add(0, new JFIFPieceSegmentExif(JpegConstants.JPEG_APP1_MARKER,
markerBytes, markerLengthBytes, newBytes));
}
boolean APP1Written = false;
for (final JFIFPiece piece : segments) {
if (piece instanceof JFIFPieceSegmentExif) {
// only replace first APP1 segment; skips others.
if (APP1Written) {
continue;
}
APP1Written = true;
if (newBytes == null) {
continue;
}
final byte[] markerBytes = ByteConversions.toBytes((short) JpegConstants.JPEG_APP1_MARKER, getByteOrder());
if (newBytes.length > 0xffff) {
throw new ExifOverflowException(
"APP1 Segment is too long: " + newBytes.length);
}
final int markerLength = newBytes.length + 2;
final byte[] markerLengthBytes = ByteConversions.toBytes((short) markerLength, getByteOrder());
os.write(markerBytes);
os.write(markerLengthBytes);
os.write(newBytes);
} else {
piece.write(os);
}
}
canThrow = true;
} finally {
IoUtils.closeQuietly(canThrow, os);
}
}
public static class ExifOverflowException extends ImageWriteException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1401484357224931218L;
public ExifOverflowException(final String message) {
super(message);
}
}
private byte[] writeExifSegment(final TiffImageWriterBase writer,
final TiffOutputSet outputSet, final boolean includeEXIFPrefix)
throws IOException, ImageWriteException {
final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
if (includeEXIFPrefix) {
JpegConstants.EXIF_IDENTIFIER_CODE.writeTo(os);
os.write(0);
os.write(0);
}
writer.write(os, outputSet);
return os.toByteArray();
}
}