Package org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools

Source Code of org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.JPQLQueryContext$QueryExpressionVisitor

/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2006, 2013 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
* terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 and Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0
* which accompanies this distribution.
* The Eclipse Public License is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
* and the Eclipse Distribution License is available at
* http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
*
* Contributors:
*     Oracle - initial API and implementation
*
******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.ExpressionTools;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.JPAVersion;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.LiteralType;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.LiteralVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.ParameterTypeVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.AbstractTraverseChildrenVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.AbstractTraverseParentVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.Expression;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.ExpressionRegistry;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.InputParameter;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.JPQLExpression;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.JPQLGrammar;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.SimpleSelectStatement;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.Declaration;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.DeclarationResolver;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.Resolver;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.ResolverBuilder;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IManagedTypeProvider;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IMapping;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IQuery;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IType;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.ITypeDeclaration;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.ITypeRepository;

/**
* This context is used to store information related to the JPQL query.
*
* <pre><code> {@link IQuery} externalQuery = ...;
*
* JPQLQueryContext context = new JPQLQueryContext(DefaultJPQLGrammar.instance());
* context.setQuery(query);</code></pre>
*
* If the JPQL query is already parsed, then the context can use it and it needs to be set before
* setting the {@link IQuery}:
* <pre><code> {@link JPQLExpression} jpqlExpression = ...;
*
* JPQLQueryContext context = new JPQLQueryContext(DefaultJPQLGrammar.instance());
* context.setJPQLExpression(jpqlExpression);
* context.setQuery(query);</code></pre>
* <p>
* Provisional API: This interface is part of an interim API that is still under development and
* expected to change significantly before reaching stability. It is available at this early stage
* to solicit feedback from pioneering adopters on the understanding that any code that uses this
* API will almost certainly be broken (repeatedly) as the API evolves.
*
* @version 2.5
* @since 2.3
* @author Pascal Filion
*/
@SuppressWarnings("nls")
public abstract class JPQLQueryContext {

  /**
   * This map caches the {@link JPQLQueryContext contexts} in order to keep them in memory and for
   * fast access to the information of any query (top-level query and subqueries).
   */
  private Map<Expression, JPQLQueryContext> contexts;

  /**
   * The current {@link JPQLQueryContext} is the context used for the current query or subquery.
   * If the current context is not the global context, then its parent is non <code>null</code>.
   */
  protected JPQLQueryContext currentContext;

  /**
   * The parsed {@link Expression JPQL Expression} currently visited.
   */
  private Expression currentQuery;

  /**
   * The resolver of the current query's declaration. For a <b>SELECT</b> query, it contains the
   * information defined in the <b>FROM</b> clause. For <b>DELETE</b> and <b>UPDATE</b> queries,
   * it contains a single range declaration variable.
   */
  private DeclarationResolver declarationResolver;

  /**
   * This visitor is responsible to find the {@link InputParameter} with a specific named parameter
   * or positional parameter.
   */
  private InputParameterVisitor inputParameterVisitor;

  /**
   * The parsed tree representation of the JPQL query.
   */
  private JPQLExpression jpqlExpression;

  /**
   * The grammar that defines how to parse a JPQL query.
   */
  private JPQLGrammar jpqlGrammar;

  /**
   * This visitor is used to retrieve a variable name from various type of {@link org.eclipse.
   * persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.Expression JPQL Expression}.
   */
  private LiteralVisitor literalVisitor;

  /**
   * This visitor is responsible to calculate the closest type of any input parameter.
   */
  private ParameterTypeVisitor parameterTypeVisitor;

  /**
   * When this context is a sub-context used for a subquery, then this is the context for the
   * parent query.
   */
  protected JPQLQueryContext parent;

  /**
   * The external form of the JPQL query being manipulated.
   */
  private IQuery query;

  /**
   * This visitor is responsible to retrieve the {@link Expression} that is the beginning of a
   * query. For a subquery, it will retrieve {@link SimpleSelectStatement} and for a top-level
   * query, it will retrieve {@link JPQLExpression}. The search goes through the parent hierarchy.
   */
  private QueryExpressionVisitor queryExpressionVisitor;

  /**
   * This visitor creates a {@link Resolver} that gives information about the visited {@link
   * Expression}. The actual {@link Resolver} will calculate the proper {@link IType} as well.
   */
  private ResolverBuilder resolverBuilder;

  /**
   * Determines if the parsing system should be tolerant, meaning if it should try to parse invalid
   * or incomplete queries.
   */
  private boolean tolerant;

  /**
   * Internal flag used to determine if the declaration portion of the query was visited.
   */
  private boolean traversed;

  /**
   * Creates a new <code>JPQLQueryContext</code>.
   *
   * @param jpqlGrammar The {@link JPQLGrammar} defines how to parse a JPQL query
   */
  public JPQLQueryContext(JPQLGrammar jpqlGrammar) {
    super();
    initialize(jpqlGrammar);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new sub-<code>JPQLQueryContext</code>.
   *
   * @param parent The parent context
   * @param currentQuery The parsed tree representation of the subquery
   */
  protected JPQLQueryContext(JPQLQueryContext parent, Expression currentQuery) {
    this(parent.jpqlGrammar);
    store(parent, currentQuery);
  }

  protected DeclarationResolver buildDeclarationResolver() {
    DeclarationResolver parentResolver = (parent != null) ? parent.getDeclarationResolverImp() : null;
    return buildDeclarationResolver(parentResolver);
  }

  protected DeclarationResolver buildDeclarationResolver(DeclarationResolver parent) {
    return new DeclarationResolver(parent, this);
  }

  protected InputParameterVisitor buildInputParameter() {
    return new InputParameterVisitor();
  }

  protected abstract JPQLQueryContext buildJPQLQueryContext(JPQLQueryContext currentContext,
                                                            Expression currentQuery);

  protected abstract LiteralVisitor buildLiteralVisitor();

  protected abstract ParameterTypeVisitor buildParameterTypeVisitor();

  protected QueryExpressionVisitor buildQueryExpressionVisitor() {
    return new QueryExpressionVisitor();
  }

  protected abstract ResolverBuilder buildResolverBuilder();

  /**
   * Converts the given {@link Declaration} from being set as a range variable declaration to
   * a path expression declaration.
   * <p>
   * In this query "<code>UPDATE Employee SET firstName = 'MODIFIED' WHERE (SELECT COUNT(m) FROM
   * managedEmployees m) > 0</code>" <em>managedEmployees</em> is an unqualified collection-valued
   * path expression (<code>employee.managedEmployees</code>).
   *
   * @param declaration The {@link Declaration} that was parsed to range over an abstract schema
   * name but is actually ranging over a path expression
   */
  public void convertUnqualifiedDeclaration(Declaration declaration) {

    if (parent != null) {

      // Retrieve the range identification variable from the parent declaration
      Declaration parentDeclaration = parent.getDeclarationResolverImp().getDeclarations().get(0);
      String outerVariableName = parentDeclaration.getVariableName();

      // Qualify the range expression to be fully qualified
      getDeclarationResolverImp().convertUnqualifiedDeclaration(declaration, outerVariableName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Disposes the internal data.
   */
  public void dispose() {

    query          = null;
    traversed      = false;
    currentQuery   = null;
    currentContext = this;
    jpqlExpression = null;

    contexts.clear();

    if (declarationResolver != null) {
      declarationResolver.dispose();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Disposes this context, which is the current context being used by a subquery. Once it is
   * disposed, any information retrieved will be for the subquery's parent query.
   */
  public void disposeSubqueryContext() {
    currentContext = currentContext.parent;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves all the {@link InputParameter InputParameters} with the given parameter name.
   *
   * @param parameterName The parameter used to find the {@link InputParameter InputParameters}
   * with the same value
   * @return Either the {@link InputParameter InputParameters} that has the given parameter or an
   * empty collection
   */
  public Collection<InputParameter> findInputParameters(String parameterName) {

    InputParameterVisitor visitor = getInputParameterVisitor();

    try {
      visitor.parameterName   = parameterName;
      visitor.inputParameters = new ArrayList<InputParameter>();

      jpqlExpression.accept(visitor);

      return visitor.inputParameters;
    }
    finally {
      visitor.parameterName   = null;
      visitor.inputParameters = null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the current {@link Expression} being manipulated, which is either the top-level query
   * or a subquery.
   *
   * @return Either the top-level query or a subquery
   */
  public Expression getActualCurrentQuery() {
    return currentQuery;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of this context and not from the current query's
   * declaration.
   *
   * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for this context
   */
  public DeclarationResolver getActualDeclarationResolver() {
    return getDeclarationResolverImp();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the current {@link JPQLQueryContext}, i.e. the context of the query being manipulated,
   * which can either be the top-level query or a subquery.
   *
   * @return The active context
   */
  public JPQLQueryContext getCurrentContext() {
    return currentContext;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the current {@link Expression} being manipulated, which is either the top-level query
   * or a subquery.
   *
   * @return Either the top-level query or a subquery
   */
  public Expression getCurrentQuery() {
    return currentContext.currentQuery;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the {@link Declaration} for which the given variable name is used to navigate to the
   * "root" object. This does not go up the hierarchy when looking for the {@link Declaration}.
   *
   * @param variableName The name of the identification variable that is used to navigate a "root" object
   * @return The {@link Declaration} containing the information about the identification variable declaration
   * @see #findDeclaration(String)
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public Declaration getDeclaration(String variableName) {
    return getDeclarationResolver().getDeclaration(variableName);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of the current query's declaration. For a
   * <b>SELECT</b> query, it contains the information defined in the <b>FROM</b> clause. For
   * <b>DELETE</b> and <b>UPDATE</b> queries, it contains a single range declaration variable. If
   * the current query is a subquery, then it contains the information defined in the
   * <code>FROM</code> clause.
   *
   * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for the current query being visited
   */
  public DeclarationResolver getDeclarationResolver() {
    return currentContext.getDeclarationResolverImp();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of the current query's declaration. For a
   * <b>SELECT</b> query, it contains the information defined in the <b>FROM</b> clause. For
   * <b>DELETE</b> and <b>UPDATE</b> queries, it contains a single range variable declaration. If
   * the current query is a subquery, then it contains the information defined in the subquery
   * <code>FROM</code> clause.
   *
   * @param expression The {@link Expression} that will be used to retrieve its query expression,
   * i.e. either {@link JPQLExpression} or {@link SimpleSelectStatement}
   * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for the current query being visited
   */
  public DeclarationResolver getDeclarationResolver(Expression expression) {

    // Retrieve the expression for the query (either the top-level query or subquery)
    // owning the given Expression
    expression = getQueryExpression(expression);

    // Retrieve the cached JPQLQueryContext
    JPQLQueryContext context = contexts.get(expression);

    if (context != null) {
      return context.getDeclarationResolverImp();
    }

    // The JPQLQueryContext has not been created yet,
    // create the parent JPQLQueryContexts first
    getDeclarationResolver(expression.getParent());

    // Create the JPQLQueryContext and DeclarationResolver for the subquery
    newSubqueryContext(expression);
    return currentContext.getDeclarationResolverImp();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of the current query's declaration.
   *
   * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for the current query being visited
   */
  protected DeclarationResolver getDeclarationResolverImp() {

    if (declarationResolver == null) {
      declarationResolver = buildDeclarationResolver();
    }

    // Only traverse the declaration once
    if (!traversed) {
      traversed = true;
      declarationResolver.populate(currentQuery);
    }

    return declarationResolver;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ordered list of {@link Declaration Declarations}.
   *
   * @return The {@link Declaration Declarations} of the current query that was parsed
   */
  public List<Declaration> getDeclarations() {
    return getDeclarationResolver().getDeclarations();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link IType} representing the possible given enum type. If the type name
   *
   * @param enumTypeName The fully qualified enum type with the constant
   * @return The external form for the given Enum type
   */
  public IType getEnumType(String enumTypeName) {
    return getTypeRepository().getEnumType(enumTypeName);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the registry containing the {@link org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.JPQLQueryBNF
   * JPQLQueryBNFs} and the {@link org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.ExpressionFactory
   * ExpressionFactories} that are used to properly parse a JPQL query.
   *
   * @return The registry containing the information related to the JPQL grammar
   */
  public ExpressionRegistry getExpressionRegistry() {
    return jpqlGrammar.getExpressionRegistry();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the JPQL grammar that will be used to define how to parse a JPQL query.
   *
   * @return The grammar that was used to parse this {@link Expression}
   */
  public JPQLGrammar getGrammar() {
    return jpqlGrammar;
  }

  protected InputParameterVisitor getInputParameterVisitor() {
    if (inputParameterVisitor == null) {
      inputParameterVisitor = buildInputParameter();
    }
    return inputParameterVisitor;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the version of the Java Persistence to support, which dictates which version of the
   * JPQL grammar to support.
   *
   * @return The version of the supported Java Persistence functional specification
   */
  public JPAVersion getJPAVersion() {
    return jpqlGrammar.getJPAVersion();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the parsed tree representation of the JPQL query.
   *
   * @return The parsed tree representation of the JPQL query
   */
  public JPQLExpression getJPQLExpression() {
    return jpqlExpression;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the string representation of the JPQL query.
   *
   * @return The string representation of the JPQL query
   */
  public String getJPQLQuery() {
    return query.getExpression();
  }

  protected LiteralVisitor getLiteralVisitor() {
    if (literalVisitor == null) {
      literalVisitor = buildLiteralVisitor();
    }
    return literalVisitor;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link IMapping} for the field represented by the given {@link Expression}.
   *
   * @param expression The {@link Expression} representing a state field path expression or a
   * collection-valued path expression
   * @return Either the {@link IMapping} or <code>null</code> if none exists
   */
  public IMapping getMapping(Expression expression) {
    return getResolver(expression).getMapping();
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves, if it can be determined, the type of the given {@link InputParameter}. The type
   * will be guessed based on its location within expression.
   * <p>
   * Note: Both named and positional input parameter can be used.
   *
   * @param inputParameter The {@link InputParameter} to retrieve its type
   * @return Either the closest type of the input parameter or <code>null</code> if the type could
   * not be determined
   */
  public IType getParameterType(InputParameter inputParameter) {
    ParameterTypeVisitor visitor = getParameterTypeVisitor();
    try {
      inputParameter.accept(visitor);
      return (IType) visitor.getType();
    }
    finally {
      visitor.dispose();
    }
  }

  protected ParameterTypeVisitor getParameterTypeVisitor() {
    if (parameterTypeVisitor == null) {
      parameterTypeVisitor = buildParameterTypeVisitor();
    }
    return parameterTypeVisitor;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the parent context if the current context is not the root context.
   *
   * @return The parent context or <code>null</code> if the current context is the root
   */
  public JPQLQueryContext getParent() {
    return parent;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the provider of managed types.
   *
   * @return The object that has access to the application's managed types.
   */
  public IManagedTypeProvider getProvider() {
    return query.getProvider();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the version of the persistence provider.
   *
   * @return The version of the persistence provider, if one is extending the default JPQL grammar
   * defined in the Java Persistence specification, otherwise returns an empty string
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public String getProviderVersion() {
    return jpqlGrammar.getProviderVersion();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the external form of the JPQL query.
   *
   * @return The external form of the JPQL query
   */
  public IQuery getQuery() {
    return query;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the {@link Expression} representing the query statement (either the top-level query
   * {@link JPQLExpression} or the subquery {@link SimpleSelectStatement}) owning the given {@link
   * Expression}.
   *
   * @param expression A child of the "root" {@link Expression} to retrieve
   * @return The query statement that is the "root" parent of the given {@link Expression}
   */
  public Expression getQueryExpression(Expression expression) {
    QueryExpressionVisitor visitor = getQueryExpressionVisitor();
    try {
      expression.accept(visitor);
      return visitor.expression;
    }
    finally {
      visitor.expression = null;
    }
  }

  protected QueryExpressionVisitor getQueryExpressionVisitor() {
    if (queryExpressionVisitor == null) {
      queryExpressionVisitor = buildQueryExpressionVisitor();
    }
    return queryExpressionVisitor;
  }

  /**
   * Creates or retrieved the cached {@link Resolver} for the given {@link Expression}. The
   * {@link Resolver} can return the {@link IType} and {@link ITypeDeclaration} of the {@link
   * Expression} and either the {@link org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IManagedType IManagedType}
   * or the {@link IMapping}.
   *
   * @param expression The {@link Expression} for which its {@link Resolver} will be retrieved
   * @return {@link Resolver} for the given {@link Expression}
   */
  public Resolver getResolver(Expression expression) {
    ResolverBuilder visitor = getResolverBuilder();
    try {
      expression.accept(visitor);
      return visitor.getResolver();
    }
    finally {
      visitor.dispose();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the {@link Resolver} mapped with the given identification variable. If the
   * identification is not defined in the declaration traversed by this resolver, than the search
   * will traverse the parent hierarchy.
   *
   * @param variableName The identification variable that maps a {@link Resolver}
   * @return The {@link Resolver} mapped with the given identification variable
   */
  public Resolver getResolver(String variableName) {
    return getDeclarationResolver().getResolver(variableName);
  }

  protected ResolverBuilder getResolverBuilder() {
    if (resolverBuilder == null) {
      resolverBuilder = buildResolverBuilder();
    }
    return resolverBuilder;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the variables that got defined in the select expression. This only applies to JPQL
   * queries built for JPA 2.0.
   *
   * @return The variables identifying the select expressions, if any was defined or an empty set
   * if none were defined
   */
  public Set<String> getResultVariables() {
    return getDeclarationResolver().getResultVariables();
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the external type for the given Java type.
   *
   * @param type The Java type to wrap with an external form
   * @return The external form of the given type
   */
  public IType getType(Class<?> type) {
    return getTypeRepository().getType(type);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link IType} of the given {@link Expression}.
   *
   * @param expression The {@link Expression} for which its type will be calculated
   * @return Either the {@link IType} that was resolved by this {@link Resolver} or the
   * {@link IType} for {@link IType#UNRESOLVABLE_TYPE} if it could not be resolved
   */
  public IType getType(Expression expression) {
    return getResolver(expression).getType();
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the external class with the given fully qualified class name.
   *
   * @param typeName The fully qualified class name of the class to retrieve
   * @return The external form of the class to retrieve
   */
  public IType getType(String typeName) {
    return getTypeRepository().getType(typeName);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link ITypeDeclaration} of the field handled by this {@link Resolver}.
   *
   * @param expression The {@link Expression} for which its type declaration will be calculated
   * @return Either the {@link ITypeDeclaration} that was resolved by this {@link Resolver} or the
   * {@link ITypeDeclaration} for {@link IType#UNRESOLVABLE_TYPE} if it could not be resolved
   */
  public ITypeDeclaration getTypeDeclaration(Expression expression) {
    return getResolver(expression).getTypeDeclaration();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a helper that gives access to the most common {@link IType types}.
   *
   * @return A helper containing a collection of methods related to {@link IType}
   */
  public TypeHelper getTypeHelper() {
    return getTypeRepository().getTypeHelper();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the type repository for the application.
   *
   * @return The repository of {@link IType ITypes}
   */
  public ITypeRepository getTypeRepository() {
    return getProvider().getTypeRepository();
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether the JPQL expression has <b>JOIN</b> expressions.
   *
   * @return <code>true</code> if the query or subquery being traversed contains <b>JOIN</b>
   * expressions; <code>false</code> otherwise
   */
  public boolean hasJoins() {
    return getDeclarationResolver().hasJoins();
  }

  /**
   * Initializes this {@link JPQLQueryContext}.
   *
   * @param jpqlGrammar The grammar that defines how to parse a JPQL query
   */
  protected void initialize(JPQLGrammar jpqlGrammar) {
    this.tolerant       = true;
    this.currentContext = this;
    this.jpqlGrammar    = jpqlGrammar;
    this.contexts       = new HashMap<Expression, JPQLQueryContext>();
  }

  /**
   * Initializes the parsed tree representation of the JPQL query if it has not been set before
   * setting the {@link IQuery}.
   */
  protected void initializeRoot() {

    if (jpqlExpression == null) {
      jpqlExpression = new JPQLExpression(query.getExpression(), jpqlGrammar, tolerant);
    }

    currentQuery = jpqlExpression;
    contexts.put(currentQuery, this);
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether the given identification variable is defining a join or a collection member
   * declaration expressions.
   *
   * @param variableName The identification variable to check for what it maps
   * @return <code>true</code> if the given identification variable maps a collection-valued field
   * defined in a <code>JOIN</code> or <code>IN</code> expression; <code>false</code> if it's not
   * defined or it's mapping an abstract schema name
   */
  public boolean isCollectionIdentificationVariable(String variableName) {
    return getDeclarationResolver().isCollectionIdentificationVariable(variableName);
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether the given variable name is an identification variable name used to define
   * an abstract schema name.
   *
   * @param variableName The name of the variable to verify if it's defined in a range variable
   * declaration in the current query or any parent query
   * @return <code>true</code> if the variable name is mapping an abstract schema name; <code>false</code>
   * if it's defined in a collection member declaration
   */
  public boolean isRangeIdentificationVariable(String variableName) {
    return getDeclarationResolver().isRangeIdentificationVariable(variableName);
  }

  /**
   * Determines if the given variable is a result variable.
   *
   * @param variable The variable to check if it's a result variable
   * @return <code>true</code> if the given variable is defined as a result variable; <code>false</code>
   * otherwise
   */
  public boolean isResultVariable(String variable) {
    return getDeclarationResolverImp().isResultVariable(variable);
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether this {@link JPQLQueryContext} currently holds the information of a subquery
   * or for the top-level query.
   *
   * @return <code>true</code> if the current context is for a subquery; <code>false</code> for the
   * top-level query
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public boolean isSubquery() {
    return currentContext.parent != null;
  }

  /**
   * Determines if the parser is in tolerant mode or is in fast mode. When the tolerant is turned
   * on, it means the parser will attempt to parse incomplete or invalid queries.
   *
   * @return <code>true</code> if the parsing system should parse invalid or incomplete queries;
   * <code>false</code> when the query is well-formed and valid
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public boolean isTolerant() {
    return tolerant;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the "literal" from the given {@link Expression}. The literal to retrieve depends on
   * the given {@link LiteralType type}. The literal is basically a string value like an
   * identification variable name, an input parameter, a path expression, an abstract schema name,
   * etc.
   *
   * @param expression The {@link Expression} to visit
   * @param type The {@link LiteralType} helps to determine what to retrieve from the visited
   * {@link Expression}
   * @return A value from the given {@link Expression} or an empty string if the given {@link
   * Expression} and the {@link LiteralType} do not match
   */
  public String literal(Expression expression, LiteralType type) {
    LiteralVisitor visitor = getLiteralVisitor();
    try {
      visitor.setType(type);
      expression.accept(visitor);
      return visitor.literal;
    }
    finally {
      visitor.literal = ExpressionTools.EMPTY_STRING;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Changes the state of this context to use the given subquery.
   *
   * @param currentQuery The parsed tree representation of the subquery that will become the
   * current query
   * @see #disposeSubqueryContext()
   */
  public void newSubqueryContext(Expression currentQuery) {

    JPQLQueryContext context = contexts.get(currentQuery);

    if (context != null) {
      currentContext = context;
    }
    else {
      currentContext = buildJPQLQueryContext(currentContext, currentQuery);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Sets the parsed tree representation of the JPQL query. If the expression was parsed outside of
   * the scope of this context, then this method has to be invoked before {@link #setQuery(IQuery)}
   * because the JPQL query is automatically parsed by that method.
   *
   * @param jpqlExpression The parsed representation of the JPQL query to manipulate
   * @see #setQuery(IQuery)
   */
  public void setJPQLExpression(JPQLExpression jpqlExpression) {
    this.jpqlExpression = jpqlExpression;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the external form of the JPQL query, which will be parsed and information will be
   * extracted for later access.
   *
   * @param query The external form of the JPQL query
   * @see #setJPQLExpression(JPQLExpression)
   */
  public void setQuery(IQuery query) {
    this.query = query;
    initializeRoot();
  }

  /**
   * Sets whether the parser is in tolerant mode or is in fast mode. When the tolerant is turned
   * on, it means the parser will attempt to parse incomplete or invalid queries.
   * <p>
   * Note: This needs to be set before {@link #setQuery(IQuery)} or {@link #setJPQLExpression(JPQLExpression)}
   * is invoked.
   *
   * @param tolerant Determines if the parsing system should be tolerant, meaning if it should try
   * to parse invalid or incomplete queries
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public void setTolerant(boolean tolerant) {
    this.tolerant = tolerant;
  }

  /**
   * Stores the information contained in the given parent into this one.
   *
   * @param parent The parent context, which is the context of the parent query
   * @param currentQuery The subquery becoming the current query
   */
  protected void store(JPQLQueryContext parent, Expression currentQuery) {

    this.parent = parent;

    // Copy the information from the parent to this one, only a single instance is required
    this.currentQuery           = currentQuery;
    this.query                  = parent.query;
    this.contexts               = parent.contexts;
    this.jpqlExpression         = parent.jpqlExpression;
    this.literalVisitor         = parent.literalVisitor;
    this.resolverBuilder        = parent.resolverBuilder;
    this.parameterTypeVisitor   = parent.parameterTypeVisitor;
    this.queryExpressionVisitor = parent.queryExpressionVisitor;

    // Cache the context
    this.contexts.put(currentQuery, this);
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   */
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    if (parent != null) {
      sb.append("Subquery=");
    }
    else {
      sb.append("Top-Level Query=");
    }
    sb.append(currentQuery.toParsedText());
    return sb.toString();
  }

  /**
   * This visitor is responsible to find the {@link InputParameter InputParameters} with a certain
   * parameter name.
   */
  protected class InputParameterVisitor extends AbstractTraverseChildrenVisitor {

    /**
     * The collection of {@link InputParameter InputParameters} that was retrieved by traversing the
     * parsed tree.
     */
    protected Collection<InputParameter> inputParameters;

    /**
     * The name of the input parameter to search.
     */
    protected String parameterName;

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void visit(InputParameter expression) {
      if (parameterName.equals(expression.getParameter())) {
        inputParameters.add(expression);
      }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void visit(SimpleSelectStatement expression) {
      newSubqueryContext(expression);
      try {
        super.visit(expression);
      }
      finally {
        disposeSubqueryContext();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * This visitor is responsible to retrieve the {@link Expression} that is the beginning of a
   * query. For a subquery, it will retrieve {@link SimpleSelectStatement} and for a top-level
   * query, it will retrieve {@link JPQLExpression}. The search goes through the parent hierarchy.
   */
  protected static class QueryExpressionVisitor extends AbstractTraverseParentVisitor {

    /**
     * The {@link Expression} that is the beginning of a query.
     */
    protected Expression expression;

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void visit(JPQLExpression expression) {
      this.expression = expression;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void visit(SimpleSelectStatement expression) {
      this.expression = expression;
    }
  }
}
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