Package com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote

Source Code of com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.RemoteRestAdminCommand$HttpCommand

/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
*
* Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*
* The contents of this file are subject to the terms of either the GNU
* General Public License Version 2 only ("GPL") or the Common Development
* and Distribution License("CDDL") (collectively, the "License").  You
* may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You can
* obtain a copy of the License at
* https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL_1_1.html
* or packager/legal/LICENSE.txt.  See the License for the specific
* language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
*
* When distributing the software, include this License Header Notice in each
* file and include the License file at packager/legal/LICENSE.txt.
*
* GPL Classpath Exception:
* Oracle designates this particular file as subject to the "Classpath"
* exception as provided by Oracle in the GPL Version 2 section of the License
* file that accompanied this code.
*
* Modifications:
* If applicable, add the following below the License Header, with the fields
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*/

package com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote;

import com.sun.enterprise.admin.event.AdminCommandEventBrokerImpl;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.reader.CliActionReport;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.reader.ProprietaryReader;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.reader.ProprietaryReaderFactory;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.sse.GfSseEventReceiver;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.sse.GfSseEventReceiverProprietaryReader;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.sse.GfSseInboundEvent;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.writer.ProprietaryWriter;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.remote.writer.ProprietaryWriterFactory;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.util.AdminLoggerInfo;
import com.sun.enterprise.config.serverbeans.SecureAdmin;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;


import org.glassfish.api.admin.*;
import org.glassfish.api.admin.CommandModel.ParamModel;

import com.sun.enterprise.universal.i18n.LocalStringsImpl;
import com.sun.enterprise.universal.io.SmartFile;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.util.CommandModelData.ParamModelData;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.util.AuthenticationInfo;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.util.CachedCommandModel;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.util.HttpConnectorAddress;
import com.sun.enterprise.admin.util.cache.AdminCacheUtils;
import com.sun.enterprise.util.StringUtils;
import com.sun.enterprise.util.net.NetUtils;
import org.glassfish.admin.payload.PayloadFilesManager;
import org.glassfish.api.admin.Payload;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONArray;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONException;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONObject;
import org.glassfish.api.ActionReport;
import org.glassfish.api.ActionReport.ExitCode;
import org.glassfish.common.util.admin.AuthTokenManager;
import org.w3c.dom.*;

/**
* Utility class for executing remote admin commands.
* Each instance of RemoteAdminCommand represents a particular
* remote command on a particular remote server accessed using
* particular credentials.  The instance can be reused to execute
* the same command multiple times with different arguments.
* <p>
* Arguments to the command are supplied using a ParameterMap
* passed to the executeCommand method.
* ParameterMap is a MultiMap where each key can have multiple
* values, although this class only supports a single value for
* each option.  Operands for the command are stored as the option
* named "DEFAULT" and can have multiple values.
* <p>
* Before a command can be executed, the metadata for the command
* (in the form of a CommandModel) is required.  The getCommandModel
* method will fetch the metadata from the server, save it, and
* return it.  If the CommandModel for a command is known
* independently (e.g., stored in a local cache, or known a priori),
* it can be set using the setCommandModel method.  If the
* metadata isn't known when the exectureCommand method is
* called, it will fetch the metadata from the server before executing
* the command.
* <p>
* Any files returned by the command will be stored in the current
* directory.  The setFileOutputDirectory method can be used to control
* where returned files are saved.
*
* <p>
* <b>This implementation is now in retention period. All content was migrated
* to RemoteRestAdminCommand. This implementation will be removed just after
* all necessary changes and tests will be done.</b>
*/
//Fork of RemoteAdminCommand
public class RemoteRestAdminCommand extends AdminCommandEventBrokerImpl<GfSseInboundEvent> {

    private static final LocalStringsImpl strings =
            new LocalStringsImpl(RemoteRestAdminCommand.class);

    private static final String QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR = "&";
    private static final String ADMIN_URI_PATH = "/command/";
    private static final String COMMAND_NAME_REGEXP =
                                    "^[a-zA-Z_][-a-zA-Z0-9_]*$";
    private static final String READ_TIMEOUT = "AS_ADMIN_READTIMEOUT";
    public static final String COMMAND_MODEL_MATCH_HEADER = "X-If-Command-Model-Match";
    private static final String MEDIATYPE_TXT = "text/plain";
    private static final String MEDIATYPE_JSON = "application/json";
    private static final String MEDIATYPE_MULTIPART = "multipart/*";
    private static final String MEDIATYPE_SSE = "text/event-stream";
    private static final String EOL = StringUtils.EOL;
    private static final int defaultReadTimeout; // read timeout for URL conns

    private String              responseFormatType = "hk2-agent";
    // return output string rather than printing it
    protected String              output;
    private Map<String, String> attrs;
    private boolean             doUpload = false;
    private boolean             addedUploadOption = false;
    private RestPayloadImpl.Outbound    outboundPayload;
    private String              usage;
    private File                fileOutputDir;
    private StringBuilder       passwordOptions;
    private String              manpage;
    private String              cmduri;
    private ActionReport        actionReport;

    // constructor parameters
    protected String            name;
    protected String            host;
    private String              canonicalHostCache; //Used by getCanonicalHost() to cache resolved value
    protected int               port;
    protected boolean           secure;
    protected String            user;
    protected String            password;
    protected Logger            logger;
    protected String            scope;
    protected String            authToken = null;
    protected boolean           prohibitDirectoryUploads = false;

    // executeCommand parameters
    protected ParameterMap      options;
    protected List<String>      operands;

    private CommandModel        commandModel;
    private boolean             commandModelFromCache = false;
    private int                 readTimeout = defaultReadTimeout;
    private int                 connectTimeout = -1;
    private boolean             interactive = true;

    private List<Header>        requestHeaders = new ArrayList<Header>();
    private boolean             closeSse = false;
   
    //TODO: Remove it
    private OutputStream userOut;

    /*
     * Set a default read timeout for URL connections.
     */
    static {
        String rt = System.getProperty(READ_TIMEOUT);
        if (rt == null) {
            rt = System.getenv(READ_TIMEOUT);
        }
        if (rt != null) {
            defaultReadTimeout = Integer.parseInt(rt);
        } else {
            defaultReadTimeout = 10 * 60 * 1000;       // 10 minutes
        }
    }

    /**
     * content-type used for each file-transfer part of a payload to or from
     * the server
     */
    private static final String FILE_PAYLOAD_MIME_TYPE =
            "application/octet-stream";

    /**
     * Interface to enable factoring out common HTTP connection management code.
     * <p>
     * The implementation of this interface must implement
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@link #prepareConnection} - to perform all pre-connection configuration - set headers, chunking, etc.
     * as well as writing any payload to the outbound connection.  In short
     * anything needed prior to the URLConnection#connect invocation.
     * <p>
     * The caller will invoke this method after it has invoked {@link URL#openConnection}
     * but before it invokes {@link URL#connect}.
     * <li>{@link #useConnection} - to read from the
     * input stream, etc.  The caller will invoke this method after it has
     * successfully invoked {@link URL#connect}.
     * </ul>
     * Because the caller might have to work with multiple URLConnection objects
     * (as it follows redirection, for example) this contract allows the caller
     * to delegate to the HttpCommand implementation multiple times to configure
     * each of the URLConnections objects, then to invoke useConnection only
     * once after it has the "final" URLConnection object.  For this reason
     * be sure to implement prepareConnection so that it can be invoked
     * multiple times.
     *
     */
    interface HttpCommand {

        /**
         * Configures the HttpURLConnection (headers, chuncking, etc.) according
         * to the needs of this use of the connection and then writes any
         * required outbound payload to the connection.
         * <p>
         * This method might be invoked multiple times before the connection is
         * actually connected, so it should be serially reentrant.  Note that the
         * caller will
         * @param urlConnection the connection to be configured
         */
        public void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws IOException;

        /**
         * Uses the configured and connected connection to read
         * data, process it, etc.
         *
         * @param urlConnection the connection to be used
         * @throws CommandException
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public void useConnection(HttpURLConnection urlConnection)
                throws CommandException, IOException;
    }

    public RemoteRestAdminCommand(String name, String host, int port)
            throws CommandException {

        this(name, host, port, false, "admin", null, Logger.getAnonymousLogger());
    }

    public RemoteRestAdminCommand(String name, String host, int port,
            boolean secure, String user, String password, Logger logger)
            throws CommandException {
        this(name, host, port, secure, user, password, logger, null, null, false);
    }

    /**
     * Construct a new remote command object.  The command and arguments
     * are supplied later using the execute method in the superclass.
     */
    public RemoteRestAdminCommand(String name, String host, int port,
            boolean secure, String user, String password, Logger logger,
            final String scope,
            final String authToken,
            final boolean prohibitDirectoryUploads)
            throws CommandException {
        this.name = name;
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        this.secure = secure;
        this.user = user;
        this.password = password;
        this.logger = logger;
        this.scope = scope;
        this.authToken = authToken;
        this.prohibitDirectoryUploads = prohibitDirectoryUploads;
        checkName();
    }

    /**
     * Make sure the command name is legitimate and
     * won't allow any URL spoofing attacks.
     */
    private void checkName() throws CommandException {
        if (!name.matches(COMMAND_NAME_REGEXP)) {
            throw new CommandException("Illegal command name: " + name);
            //todo: XXX - I18N
        }
    }
   
    public void closeSse(String message, ActionReport.ExitCode exitCode) {
        ActionReport report = new CliActionReport();
        report.setMessage(message);
        report.setActionExitCode(exitCode);
        setActionReport(report);
        this.closeSse = true;
    }

    /**
     * Set the response type used in requests to the server.
     * The response type is sent in the User-Agent HTTP header
     * and tells the server what format of response to produce.
     */
    public void setResponseFormatType(String responseFormatType) {
        this.responseFormatType = responseFormatType;
    }

    /**
     * If set, the raw response from the command is written to the
     * specified stream.
     */
    public void setUserOut(OutputStream userOut) {
        this.userOut = userOut;
    }

    /**
     * Set the CommandModel used by this command.  Normally the
     * CommandModel will be fetched from the server using the
     * getCommandModel method, which will also save the CommandModel
     * for further use.  If the CommandModel is known in advance, it
     * can be set with this method and avoid the call to the server.
     */
    public void setCommandModel(CommandModel commandModel) {
        this.commandModel = commandModel;
        this.commandModelFromCache = false;
    }

    /**
     * Set the read timeout for the URLConnection.
     */
    public void setReadTimeout(int readTimeout) {
        this.readTimeout = readTimeout;
    }
   
    public static int getReadTimeout() {
        return defaultReadTimeout;
    }
   
    public String findPropertyInReport(String key) {
        if (actionReport == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return actionReport.findProperty(key);
    }

    /**
     * Set the connect timeout for the URLConnection.
     */
    public void setConnectTimeout(int connectTimeout) {
        this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
    }
   
    /**
     * Set the interactive mode for the command.  By default, the command is
     * interactive.
     */
    public void setInteractive(boolean state) {
        this.interactive = state;
    }
   
    /**
     * Get the CommandModel for the command from the server.
     * If the CommandModel hasn't been set, it's fetched from
     * the server.
     *
     * @return the model for the command
     * @throws CommandException if the server can't be contacted
     */
    public CommandModel getCommandModel() throws CommandException {
        if (commandModel == null) {
            long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
            try {
                commandModel = getCommandModelFromCache();
                if (commandModel != null) {
                    this.commandModelFromCache = true;
                    if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
                        logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Command model for command {0} was successfully loaded from the cache. [Duration: {1} nanos]", new Object[] {name, System.nanoTime() - startNanos});
                    }
                } else {
                    if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
                        logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Command model for command {0} is not in cache. It must be fatched from server.", name);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
                    logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Can not get data from cache under key " + createCommandCacheKey(), ex);
                }
            }
        }
        if (commandModel == null) {
            fetchCommandModel();
        }
        return commandModel;
    }

    private CommandModel getCommandModelFromCache() {
        String cachedModel = AdminCacheUtils.getCache().get(createCommandCacheKey(), String.class);
        if (cachedModel == null) {
            return null;
        }
        cachedModel = cachedModel.trim();
        int ind = cachedModel.indexOf('\n');
        if (ind < 0) {
            return null;
        }
        String eTag = cachedModel.substring(0, ind);
        if (!eTag.startsWith("ETag:")) {
            return null;
        }
        eTag = eTag.substring(5).trim();
        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Cached command model ETag is {0}", eTag);
        }
        String content = cachedModel.substring(ind + 1).trim();
        CachedCommandModel result = parseMetadata(content, eTag);
        return result;
    }
   
    /**
     * Parse the JSon metadata for the command.
     *
     * @param str the string
     * @return the etag to compare the command cache model
     */
    private CachedCommandModel parseMetadata(String str, String etag) {
        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) { // XXX - assume "debug" == "FINER"
            logger.finer("------- RAW METADATA RESPONSE ---------");
            logger.log(Level.FINER, "ETag: {0}", etag);
            logger.finer(str);
            logger.finer("------- RAW METADATA RESPONSE ---------");
        }
        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            boolean sawFile = false;
            JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(str);
            obj = obj.getJSONObject("command");
            CachedCommandModel cm = new CachedCommandModel(obj.getString("@name"), etag);
            cm.dashOk = obj.optBoolean("@unknown-options-are-operands", false);
            cm.managedJob = obj.optBoolean("@managed-job", false);
            cm.setUsage(obj.optString("usage", null));
            Object optns = obj.opt("option");
            if (!JSONObject.NULL.equals(optns)) {
                JSONArray jsonOptions;
                if (optns instanceof JSONArray) {
                    jsonOptions = (JSONArray) optns;
                } else {
                    jsonOptions = new JSONArray();
                    jsonOptions.put(optns);
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < jsonOptions.length(); i++) {
                    JSONObject jsOpt = jsonOptions.getJSONObject(i);
                    String type = jsOpt.getString("@type");
                    ParamModelData opt = new ParamModelData(
                            jsOpt.getString("@name"),
                            typeOf(type),
                            jsOpt.optBoolean("@optional", false),
                            jsOpt.optString("@default"),
                            jsOpt.optString("@short"),
                            jsOpt.optBoolean("@obsolete", false),
                            jsOpt.optString("@alias"));
                    opt.param._acceptableValues = jsOpt.optString("@acceptable-values");
                    if ("PASSWORD".equals(type)) {
                        opt.param._password = true;
                        opt.prompt = jsOpt.optString("@prompt");
                        opt.promptAgain = jsOpt.optString("@prompt-again");
                    } else if ("FILE".equals(type)) {
                        sawFile = true;
                    }
                    if (jsOpt.optBoolean("@primary", false)) {
                        opt.param._primary = true;
                    }
                    if (jsOpt.optBoolean("@multiple", false)) {
                        if (opt.type == File.class) {
                            opt.type = File[].class;
                        } else {
                            opt.type = List.class;
                        }
                        opt.param._multiple = true;
                    }
                    cm.add(opt);
                }
            }
            if (sawFile) {
                cm.add(new ParamModelData("upload", Boolean.class,
                        true, null));
                addedUploadOption = true;
                cm.setAddedUploadOption(true);
            }
            this.usage = cm.getUsage();
            return cm;
        } catch (JSONException ex) {
            logger.log(Level.FINER, "Can not parse command metadata", ex);
            return null;
        }
    }
   
    /** If command model was load from local cache.
     */
    public boolean isCommandModelFromCache() {
        return commandModelFromCache;
    }

    /**
     * Set the directory in which any returned files will be stored.
     * The default is the user's home directory.
     */
    public void setFileOutputDirectory(File dir) {
        fileOutputDir = dir;
    }

    /**
     * Return a modifiable list of headers to be added to the request.
     */
    public List<Header> headers() {
        return requestHeaders;
    }
   
    protected boolean useSse() throws CommandException {
        return getCommandModel().isManagedJob();
    }

    /**
     * Run the command using the specified arguments.
     * Return the output of the command.
     */
    public String executeCommand(ParameterMap opts) throws CommandException {
        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
            logger.log(Level.FINER, "RemoteRestAdminCommand.executeCommand() - name: {0}", this.name);
        }
        //Just to be sure. Cover get help
        if (opts != null && opts.size() == 1 && opts.containsKey("help")) {
            return getManPage();
        }
        ParameterMap params = processParams(opts);
        boolean retry;
        do { //Cache update cycle
            retry = false;
            try {
                executeRemoteCommand(params);
            } catch (CommandValidationException mve) {
                if (refetchInvalidModel() && isCommandModelFromCache()) {
                    fetchCommandModel();
                    retry = true;
                } else {
                    throw mve;
                }
            }
            return output;
        } while (retry);
    }
   
    private ParameterMap processParams(ParameterMap opts) throws CommandException {
        if (opts == null) {
            opts = new ParameterMap();
        }
        // first, make sure we have the command model
        getCommandModel();
        // XXX : This is to take care of camel case from ReST calls that
  // do not go through usual CLI path
        // XXX : This is not clean; this should be handled the same way
  // it is handled for incoming CLI commands
        options = new ParameterMap();
        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> o : opts.entrySet()) {
            String key = o.getKey();
            List<String> value = o.getValue();
            options.set(key.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH), value);
        }
        operands = options.get("default")// "DEFAULT".toLowerCase()

        try {
            initializeDoUpload();

            // if uploading, we need a payload
            if (doUpload) {
                outboundPayload = new RestPayloadImpl.Outbound(true);
            } else {
                outboundPayload = null;
            }

            ParameterMap result = new ParameterMap();
            ParamModel operandParam = null;
            for (ParamModel opt : commandModel.getParameters()) {
                if (opt.getParam().primary()) {
                    operandParam = opt;
                    continue;
                }
                String paramName = opt.getName();
               
                List<String> paramValues = new ArrayList<String>(options.get(paramName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)));
                if (!opt.getParam().alias().isEmpty() &&
                        !paramName.equalsIgnoreCase(opt.getParam().alias())) {
                    paramValues.addAll(options.get(opt.getParam().alias().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)));
                }
                if (!opt.getParam().multiple() && paramValues.size() > 1) {
                    throw new CommandException(strings.get("tooManyOptions",
                            paramName));
                }
                if (paramValues.isEmpty()) {
                    // perhaps it's set in the environment?
                    String envValue = getFromEnvironment(paramName);
                    if (envValue != null) {
                        paramValues.add(envValue);
                    }
                }
                if (paramValues.isEmpty()) {
                    /*
                     * Option still not set.  Note that we ignore the default
                     * value and don't send it explicitly on the assumption
                     * that the server will supply the default value itself.
                     *
                     * If the missing option is required, that's an error,
                     * which should never happen here because validate()
                     * should check it first.
                     */
                    if (!opt.getParam().optional()) {
                        throw new CommandException(strings.get("missingOption",
                                paramName));
                    }
                    // optional param not set, skip it
                    continue;
                }
                for (String paramValue : paramValues) {
                    if (opt.getType() == File.class ||
                            opt.getType() == File[].class) {
                        addFileOption(result, paramName, paramValue);
                    } else {
                        result.add(paramName, paramValue);
                    }
                }
            }

            // add operands
            for (String operand : operands) {
                if (operandParam.getType() == File.class ||
                        operandParam.getType() == File[].class) {
                    addFileOption(result, "DEFAULT", operand);
                } else {
                    result.add("DEFAULT", operand);
                }
            }
            return result;
        } catch (IOException ioex) {
            // possibly an error caused while reading or writing a file?
            throw new CommandException("I/O Error", ioex);
        }
    }
   
    /** If admin model is invalid, will be automatically refetched?
     */
    protected boolean refetchInvalidModel() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * After a successful command execution, the attributes returned
     * by the command are saved.  This method returns those saved
     * attributes.
     */
    public Map<String, String> getAttributes() {
        return attrs;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if we're successful in collecting new information
     * (and thus the caller should try the request again).
     * Subclasses can override to (e.g.) collect updated authentication
     * information by prompting the user.
     * The implementation in this class returns false, indicating that the
     * authentication information was not updated.
     */
    protected boolean updateAuthentication() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Subclasses can override to supply parameter values from environment.
     * The implementation in this class returns null, indicating that the
     * name is not available in the environment.
     */
    protected String getFromEnvironment(String name) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Called when a non-secure connection attempt fails and it appears
     * that the server requires a secure connection.
     * Subclasses can override to indicate that the connection should
     * The implementation in this class returns false, indicating that the
     * connection should not be retried.
     */
    protected boolean retryUsingSecureConnection(String host, int port) {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Return the error message to be used in the AuthenticationException.
     * Subclasses can override to provide a more detailed message, for
     * example, indicating the source of the password that failed.
     * The implementation in this class returns a default error message.
     */
    protected String reportAuthenticationException() {
        return strings.get("InvalidCredentials", user);
    }
   
    /**
     * Get the URI for executing the command.
     */
    protected String getCommandURI() {
        if (cmduri == null) {
            StringBuilder rv = new StringBuilder(ADMIN_URI_PATH);
            if (scope != null) {
                rv.append(scope);
            }
            rv.append(name);
            cmduri = rv.toString();
        }
        return cmduri;
    }

    /**
     * Actually execute the remote command.
     */
    private void executeRemoteCommand(final ParameterMap params) throws CommandException {
        doHttpCommand(getCommandURI(), "POST", new HttpCommand() {
           
            @Override
            public void prepareConnection(final HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws IOException {
                try {
                    if (useSse()) {
                        urlConnection.addRequestProperty("Accept", MEDIATYPE_SSE);
                    } else {
                        urlConnection.addRequestProperty("Accept", MEDIATYPE_JSON + "; q=0.8, "
                                + MEDIATYPE_MULTIPART + "; q=0.9");
                    }
                } catch (CommandException cex) {
                    throw new IOException(cex.getLocalizedMessage(), cex);
                }
                // add any user-specified headers
                for (Header h : requestHeaders) {
                    urlConnection.addRequestProperty(h.getName(), h.getValue());
                }
                //Write data
                ParamsWithPayload pwp;
                if (doUpload) {
                    urlConnection.setChunkedStreamingMode(0);
                    pwp = new ParamsWithPayload(outboundPayload, params);
                } else {
                    pwp = new ParamsWithPayload(null, params);
                }
                ProprietaryWriter writer = ProprietaryWriterFactory.getWriter(pwp);
                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Writer to use {0}", writer.getClass().getName());
                }
                writer.writeTo(pwp, urlConnection);
            }
           
            @Override
            public void useConnection(final HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws CommandException, IOException {
                String resultMediaType = urlConnection.getContentType();
                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Result type is {0}", resultMediaType);
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "URL connection is {0}", urlConnection.getClass().getName());
                }
                if (resultMediaType != null && resultMediaType.startsWith(MEDIATYPE_SSE)) {
                    try {
                        logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Response is SSE - about to read events");
                        closeSse = false;
                        ProprietaryReader<GfSseEventReceiver> reader = new GfSseEventReceiverProprietaryReader();
                        GfSseEventReceiver eventReceiver = reader.readFrom(urlConnection.getInputStream(), resultMediaType);
                        GfSseInboundEvent event;
                        String instanceId = null;
                        do {
                            event = eventReceiver.readEvent();
                            if (event != null) {
                                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
                                    logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Event: {0}", event.getName());
                                }
                                fireEvent(event.getName(), event);
                                if (AdminCommandState.EVENT_STATE_CHANGED.equals(event.getName())) {
                                    AdminCommandState acs = event.getData(AdminCommandState.class, MEDIATYPE_JSON);
                                    if (acs.getId() != null) {
                                        instanceId = acs.getId();
                                        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
                                            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Command instance ID: {0}", instanceId);
                                        }
                                    }
                                    if (acs.getState() == AdminCommandState.State.COMPLETED ||
                                            acs.getState() == AdminCommandState.State.RECORDED) {
                                        if (acs.getActionReport() != null) {
                                            setActionReport(acs.getActionReport());
                                        }
                                        closeSse = true;
                                        if (!acs.isOutboundPayloadEmpty()) {
                                            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Romote command holds data. Must load it");
                                            downloadPayloadFromManaged(instanceId);
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        } while (event != null && !eventReceiver.isClosed() && !closeSse);
                        if (closeSse) {
                            try { eventReceiver.close(); } catch (Exception exc) {}
                        }
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        throw new CommandException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    ProprietaryReader<ParamsWithPayload> reader
                            = ProprietaryReaderFactory.getReader(ParamsWithPayload.class, resultMediaType);
                    final InputStream is;
                    if (urlConnection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR) {
                        is = urlConnection.getErrorStream();
                    } else {
                        is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
                    }
                    ParamsWithPayload pwp = reader.readFrom(is, resultMediaType);
                    if (pwp.getPayloadInbound() == null) {
                        setActionReport(pwp.getActionReport());
                    } else if (resultMediaType.startsWith("multipart/")) {
                        RestPayloadImpl.Inbound inbound = pwp.getPayloadInbound();
                        setActionReport(pwp.getActionReport());
                        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
                            logger.log(Level.FINER, "------ PAYLOAD ------");
                            Iterator<Payload.Part> parts = inbound.parts();
                            while (parts.hasNext()) {
                                Payload.Part part = parts.next();
                                logger.log(Level.FINER, " - {0} [{1}]", new Object[]{part.getName(), part.getContentType()});
                            }
                            logger.log(Level.FINER, "---- END PAYLOAD ----");
                        }
                        PayloadFilesManager downloadedFilesMgr =
                                new PayloadFilesManager.Perm(fileOutputDir, null, logger, null);
                        try {
                            downloadedFilesMgr.processParts(inbound);
                        } catch (CommandException cex) {
                            throw cex;
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            throw new CommandException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        if (actionReport == null) {
            this.output = null;
            throw new CommandException(strings.get("emptyResponse"));
        }
        if (actionReport.getActionExitCode() == ExitCode.FAILURE) {
            throw new CommandException(strings.getString("remote.failure.prefix", "remote failure:") + " " + this.output);
        }
    }
   
    private void downloadPayloadFromManaged(String jobId) {
        if (jobId == null) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            RemoteRestAdminCommand command = new RemoteRestAdminCommand("_get-payload",
                    this.host, this.port, this.secure, this.user, this.password,
                    this.logger, this.scope, this.authToken, this.prohibitDirectoryUploads);
            ParameterMap params = new ParameterMap();
            params.add("DEFAULT", jobId);
            command.executeCommand(params);
        } catch (CommandException ex) {
            logger.log(Level.WARNING, strings.getString("remote.sse.canNotGetPayload", "Cannot retrieve payload. {0}"), ex.getMessage());
        }
    }
   
    protected void setActionReport(ActionReport ar) {
        this.actionReport = ar;
        if (ar == null) {
            this.output = null;
        } else {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            if (ar instanceof CliActionReport) {
                addCombinedMessages((CliActionReport) ar, sb);
            } else if (ar.getMessage() != null) {
                sb.append(ar.getMessage());
            }
            addSubMessages("", ar.getTopMessagePart(), sb);
            this.output = sb.toString();
            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "------ ACTION REPORT ------");
                logger.log(Level.FINER, String.valueOf(actionReport));
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "---- END ACTION REPORT ----");
            }
        }
    }
   
    public ActionReport getActionReport() {
        return actionReport;
    }
   
    private static void addSubMessages(String indentPrefix, ActionReport.MessagePart mp, StringBuilder sb) {
        if (mp == null || sb == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (indentPrefix == null) {
            indentPrefix = "";
        }
        List<ActionReport.MessagePart> children = mp.getChildren();
        if (children != null) {
            for (ActionReport.MessagePart subPart : children) {
                if (sb.length() > 0) {
                    sb.append(EOL);
                }
                if (ok(subPart.getMessage())) {
                    sb.append(subPart.getMessage());
                }
                addSubMessages(indentPrefix + "    ", subPart, sb);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void addCombinedMessages(CliActionReport aReport, StringBuilder sb) {
        if (aReport == null || sb == null) {
            return;
        }
        String mainMsg = ""; //this is the message related to the topMessage
        String failMsg; //this is the message related to failure cause
        // Other code in the server may write something like report.setMessage(exception.getMessage())
        // and also set report.setFailureCause(exception). We need to avoid the duplicate message.
        if (aReport.getMessage() != null && aReport.getMessage().length() != 0) {
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.append(EOL);
            }
            sb.append(aReport.getMessage());
        }
        if (aReport.getFailureCause() != null && aReport.getFailureCause().getMessage() != null && aReport.getFailureCause().getMessage().length() != 0) {
            failMsg = aReport.getFailureCause().getMessage();
            if (!failMsg.equals(mainMsg)) {
                if (sb.length() > 0) sb.append(EOL);
            }
                sb.append(failMsg);
        }
        for (CliActionReport sub : aReport.getSubActionsReport()) {
            addCombinedMessages(sub, sb);
        }
    }

    private void doHttpCommand(String uriString, String httpMethod,
            HttpCommand cmd) throws CommandException {
        doHttpCommand(uriString, httpMethod, cmd, false /* isForMetadata */);
    }

    /**
     * Set up an HTTP connection, call cmd.prepareConnection so the consumer of
     * the connection can further configure it, then open the connection (following
     * redirects if needed), then call cmd.useConnection so the consumer of the
     * connection can use it.
     * <P>
     * This method will try to execute the command repeatedly, for example,
     * retrying with updated credentials (typically from the interactive user), etc., until the
     * command succeeds or there are no more ways to retry that might succeed.
     *
     * @param uriString     the URI to connect to
     * @param httpMethod    the HTTP method to use for the connection
     * @param cmd           the HttpCommand object
     * @throws CommandException if anything goes wrong
     */
    private void doHttpCommand(String uriString, String httpMethod,
            HttpCommand cmd, boolean isForMetadata) throws CommandException {
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection;
        /*
         * There are various reasons we might retry the command - an authentication
         * challenges from the DAS, shifting from an insecure connection to
         * a secure one, etc.  So just keep trying as long as it makes sense.
         *
         * Any exception handling code inside the loop that changes something
         * about the connection or the request and wants to retry must set
         * shoudTryCommandAgain to true.
         */
        boolean shouldTryCommandAgain;
       
        /*
         * If the DAS challenges us for credentials and we've already sent
         * the caller-provided ones, we might ask the user for a new set
         * and use them.  But we want to ask only once.
         */
        boolean askedUserForCredentials = false;
       
        /*
         * On a subsequent retry we might need to use secure, even if the
         * caller did not request it.
         */
        boolean shouldUseSecure = secure;

        /*
         * Note: HttpConnectorAddress will set up SSL/TLS client cert
         * handling if the current configuration calls for it.
         */
        HttpConnectorAddress url = getHttpConnectorAddress(
                                host, port, shouldUseSecure);
        url.setInteractive(interactive);

        do {
            /*
             * Any code that wants to trigger a retry will say so explicitly.
             */
            shouldTryCommandAgain = false;
            try {
                final AuthenticationInfo authInfo = authenticationInfo();
                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "URI: {0}", uriString);
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "URL: {0}", url.toURL(uriString).toString());
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Method: {0}", httpMethod);
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Password options: {0}", passwordOptions);
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Using auth info: {0}", authInfo);
                }
                if (authInfo != null) {
                    url.setAuthenticationInfo(authInfo);
                }
                urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(uriString);
                urlConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", responseFormatType);
                if (passwordOptions != null) {
                    urlConnection.setRequestProperty("X-passwords", passwordOptions.toString());
                }
                urlConnection.addRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
                urlConnection.addRequestProperty("Pragma", "no-cache");

                if (authToken != null) {
                    /*
                     * If this request is for metadata then we expect to reuse
                     * the auth token.  
                     */
                    urlConnection.setRequestProperty(
                            SecureAdmin.Util.ADMIN_ONE_TIME_AUTH_TOKEN_HEADER_NAME,
                            (isForMetadata ? AuthTokenManager.markTokenForReuse(authToken) : authToken));
                }
                if (commandModel != null && isCommandModelFromCache() && commandModel instanceof CachedCommandModel) {
                    urlConnection.setRequestProperty(COMMAND_MODEL_MATCH_HEADER, ((CachedCommandModel) commandModel).getETag());
                    if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
                        logger.log(Level.FINER, "CommandModel ETag: {0}", ((CachedCommandModel) commandModel).getETag());
                    }
                }
                urlConnection.setRequestMethod(httpMethod);
                urlConnection.setReadTimeout(readTimeout);
                if (connectTimeout >= 0) {
                    urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
                }
                addAdditionalHeaders(urlConnection);
                urlConnection.addRequestProperty("X-Requested-By", "cli");
                cmd.prepareConnection(urlConnection);
                urlConnection.connect();
                /*
                 * We must handle redirection from http to https explicitly
                 * because, even if the HttpURLConnection's followRedirect is
                 * set to true, the Java SE implementation does not do so if the
                 * procotols are different.
                 */
                String redirection = checkConnect(urlConnection);
                if (redirection != null) {
                    /*
                     * Log at FINER; at FINE it would appear routinely when used from
                     * asadmin.
                     */
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Following redirection to " + redirection);
                    url = followRedirection(url, redirection);
                    shouldTryCommandAgain = true;
                    /*
                     * Record that, during the retry of this request, we should
                     * use https.
                     */
                    shouldUseSecure = url.isSecure();

                    /*
                     * Record that, if this is a metadata request, the real
                     * request should use https also.
                     */
                    secure = true;
                   
                    urlConnection.disconnect();

                    continue;
                }

                /*
                 * No redirection, so we have established the connection.
                 * Now delegate again to the command processing to use the
                 * now-created connection.
                 */
                cmd.useConnection(urlConnection);
                processHeaders(urlConnection);
                logger.finer("doHttpCommand succeeds");
            } catch (AuthenticationException authEx) {
               
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "DAS has challenged for credentials");

                /*
                 * Try to update the credentials if we haven't already done so.
                 */
                if (askedUserForCredentials) {
                    /*
                     * We already updated the credentials once, and the updated
                     * ones did not work.  No recourse.
                     */
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Already tried with updated credentials; cannot authenticate");
                    throw authEx;
                }

                /*
                 * Try to update the creds.
                 */
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "Try to update credentials");
                if ( ! updateAuthentication()) {
                    /*
                     * No updated credentials are avaiable, so we
                     * have no more options.
                     */
                    logger.log(Level.FINER, "Could not update credentials; cannot authenticate");
                    throw authEx;
                }
                /*
                 * We have another set of credentials we can try.
                 */
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "Was able to update the credentials so will retry with the updated ones");
                askedUserForCredentials = true;
                shouldTryCommandAgain = true;
                continue;

            } catch (ConnectException ce) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: connect exception {0}", ce);
                // this really means nobody was listening on the remote server
                // note: ConnectException extends IOException and tells us more!
                String msg = strings.get("ConnectException", host, port + "");
                throw new CommandException(msg, ce);
            } catch (UnknownHostException he) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: host exception {0}", he);
                // bad host name
                String msg = strings.get("UnknownHostException", host);
                throw new CommandException(msg, he);
            } catch (SocketException se) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: socket exception {0}", se);
                try {
                    boolean serverAppearsSecure = NetUtils.isSecurePort(host, port);
                    if (serverAppearsSecure && !shouldUseSecure) {
                        if (retryUsingSecureConnection(host, port)) {
                            // retry using secure connection
                            shouldUseSecure = true;
                            shouldTryCommandAgain = true;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    throw new CommandException(se);
                } catch(IOException io) {
                    // XXX - logger.printExceptionStackTrace(io);
                    throw new CommandException(io);
                }
            } catch (SSLException se) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: SSL exception {0}", se);
                try {
                    boolean serverAppearsSecure = NetUtils.isSecurePort(host, port);
                    if (!serverAppearsSecure && secure) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, AdminLoggerInfo.mServerIsNotSecure,
                                new Object[] { host, port });
                    }
                    throw new CommandException(se);
                } catch(IOException io) {
                    // XXX - logger.printExceptionStackTrace(io);
                    throw new CommandException(io);
                }
            } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: read timeout {0}", e);
                throw new CommandException(
                    strings.get("ReadTimeout", (float)readTimeout / 1000), e);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: IO exception {0}", e);
                throw new CommandException(
                    strings.get("IOError", e.getMessage()), e);
            } catch (CommandException e) {
                throw e;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: exception", e);
                logger.log(Level.FINER, "doHttpCommand: exception {0}", e);
                ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                e.printStackTrace(new PrintStream(buf));
                logger.finer(buf.toString());
                throw new CommandException(e);
            }
        } while (shouldTryCommandAgain);
        outboundPayload = null; // no longer needed
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new HttpConnectorAddress corresponding to the location to which
     * an earlier request was redirected.
     * <p>
     * If the new protocol is https then the HttpConnectorAddress secure setting
     * is turned on.
     * @param originalAddr the address which has been redirected elsewhere
     * @param redirection the location to which the attempted connection was redirected
     * @return connector address for the new location
     * @throws MalformedURLException
     */
    private HttpConnectorAddress followRedirection(
            final HttpConnectorAddress originalAddr,
            final String redirection) throws MalformedURLException {
        final URL url = new URL(redirection);
        final boolean useSecure = (url.getProtocol().equalsIgnoreCase("https"));
        HttpConnectorAddress hca = new HttpConnectorAddress(
                url.getHost(),
                url.getPort(),
                useSecure,
                originalAddr.getPath(),
                originalAddr.getSSLSocketFactory());
        hca.setInteractive(interactive);
        return hca;
    }

    /**
     * Provides an HttpConnectorAddress for use in connecting to the desired
     * admin listener.
     * <p>
     * This implementation works for true admin clients and will not work
     * correctly for commands submitted to instances from inside the DAS.  (That
     * is done from the implementation in ServerRemoteAdminCommand which extends
     * this class.)
     * <p>
     * This code constructs the HttpConnectorAddress in a way that uses either
     * no SSLSocketFactory (if security is off) or uses an SSLSocketFactory
     * linked to the asadmin truststore.
     *
     * @param host the host name to which the connection should be made
     * @param port the admin port on that host
     * @param shouldUseSecure whether SSL should be used to connect or not
     * @return
     */
    protected HttpConnectorAddress getHttpConnectorAddress(
            final String host, final int port, final boolean shouldUseSecure) {
        HttpConnectorAddress hca = new HttpConnectorAddress(
                                host, port, shouldUseSecure);
        hca.setInteractive(interactive);
        return hca;
    }

    /**
     * Adds any headers needed for the current environment to the admin
     * request.
     *
     * @param urlConnection
     */
    protected void addAdditionalHeaders(final URLConnection urlConnection) {
        /*
         * No additional headers are needed for connections originating from
         * true admin clients.
         */
    }

    /**
     * Process any headers needed from the reply to the admin
     * request.   Subclasses can override this method to handle processing
     * headers in the command's reply.
     *
     * @param urlConnection
     */
    protected void processHeaders(final URLConnection urlConnection) {
        /*
         * No headers are processed by RemoteAdminCommand.
         */
    }
   
   
    /*
     * Returns the username/password authenticaiton information to use
     * in building the outbound HTTP connection.
     *
     * @return the username/password auth. information to send with the request
     */
    protected AuthenticationInfo authenticationInfo() {
        return ((user != null || password != null) ? new AuthenticationInfo(user, password) : null);
    }
   

    /**
     * Check that the connection was successful and handle any error responses,
     * turning them into exceptions.
     */
    private String checkConnect(HttpURLConnection urlConnection)
                                throws IOException, CommandException {
        int code = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
            logger.log(Level.FINER, "Response code: " + code);
        }
        if (code == -1) {
            URL url = urlConnection.getURL();
            throw new CommandException(
                strings.get("NotHttpResponse", url.getHost(), url.getPort()));
        }
        if (code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED) {
            throw new AuthenticationException(reportAuthenticationException());
        }
        if (code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_PRECON_FAILED) {
            throw new CommandValidationException("Code: " + HttpURLConnection.HTTP_PRECON_FAILED + ": Cached CommandModel is invalid.");
        }
        if (code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND) {
            throw new InvalidCommandException(urlConnection.getResponseMessage());
        }
        /*
         * The DAS might be redirecting to a secure port.  If so, follow
         * the redirection.
         */
        if (isStatusRedirection(code)) {
            return urlConnection.getHeaderField("Location");
        }
        if (code != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK && code != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR) {
            throw new CommandException(strings.get("BadResponse", "" + code,
                                        urlConnection.getResponseMessage()));
        }
        /*
         * If the connection worked then return null, indicating no
         * redirection is needed.
         */
        return null;
    }
   
    private boolean isStatusRedirection(final int returnCode) {
        /*
         * Currently, Grizzly redirects using 302.  For admin requests the
         * other varieties of redirection do not apply.
         */
        return (returnCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_TEMP);
    }

    /**
     * Get the usage text.
     * If we got usage information from the server, use it.
     *
     * @return usage text
     */
    public String getUsage() {
        return usage;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an option for a file argument, passing the name (for uploads) or the
     * path (for no-upload) operations.
     *
     * @param params the URI string so far
     * @param optionName the option which takes a path or name
     * @param filename the name of the file
     * @return the URI string
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    private void addFileOption(
            ParameterMap params,
            String optionName,
            String filename) throws IOException, CommandException {
        File f = SmartFile.sanitize(new File(filename));
        logger.finer("FILE PARAM: " + optionName + " = " + f);
        final boolean uploadThisFile = doUpload && ! f.isDirectory();
        // attach the file to the payload - include the option name in the
        // relative URI to avoid possible conflicts with same-named files
        // in different directories
        if (uploadThisFile) {
            logger.finer("Uploading file");
            try {
                outboundPayload.attachFile(FILE_PAYLOAD_MIME_TYPE,
                    URI.create(optionName + "/" + f.getName() + (f.isDirectory() ? "/" : "")),
                    optionName,
                    null,
                    f,
                    true /* isRecursive - in case it's a directory */);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
                /*
                 * Probably due to an attempt to upload a non-existent file.
                 * Convert this to a CommandException so it's better handled
                 * by the rest of the command running infrastructure.
                 */
                throw new CommandException(strings.get("UploadedFileNotFound", f.getAbsolutePath()));
            }
        }
        if (f != null) {
            // if we are about to upload it -- give just the name
            // o/w give the full path
            String pathToPass = (uploadThisFile ? f.getName() : f.getPath());
            params.add(optionName, pathToPass);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fetch the command metadata from the remote server.
     */
    protected void fetchCommandModel() throws CommandException {
        final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
        commandModel = null; //For sure not be used during request header construction
        doHttpCommand(getCommandURI(), "GET", new HttpCommand() {

            @Override
            public void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection urlConnection) {
                urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", MEDIATYPE_JSON);
            }

            @Override
            public void useConnection(HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws CommandException, IOException {
                String eTag = urlConnection.getHeaderField("ETag");
                if (eTag != null) {
                    eTag = eTag.trim();
                    if (eTag.startsWith("W/")) {
                        eTag = eTag.substring(2).trim();
                    }
                    if (eTag.startsWith("\"")) {
                        eTag = eTag.substring(1);
                    }
                    if (eTag.endsWith("\"")) {
                        eTag = eTag.substring(0, eTag.length() - 1);
                    }
                }
                String json = ProprietaryReaderFactory
                        .<String>getReader(String.class, urlConnection.getContentType())
                        .readFrom(urlConnection.getInputStream(), urlConnection.getContentType());
                commandModel = parseMetadata(json, eTag);
                if (commandModel != null) {
                    commandModelFromCache = false;
                    if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
                        logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Command model for {0} command fetched from remote server. [Duration: {1} nanos]", new Object[] {name, System.nanoTime() - startNanos});
                    }
                    try {
                        StringBuilder forCache = new StringBuilder(json.length() + 40);
                        forCache.append("ETag: ").append(eTag);
                        forCache.append("\n");
                        forCache.append(json);
                        AdminCacheUtils.getCache().put(createCommandCacheKey(), forCache.toString());
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
                            logger.log(Level.WARNING, AdminLoggerInfo.mCantPutToCache,
                                    new Object[] { createCommandCacheKey() });
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new InvalidCommandException(strings.get("unknownError"));
                }
            }
        });
    }
   
    public String getManPage() throws CommandException {
        if (manpage == null) {
            doHttpCommand(getCommandURI() + "/manpage", "GET", new HttpCommand() {

                @Override
                public void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection urlConnection) {
                    urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", MEDIATYPE_TXT);
                }

                @Override
                public void useConnection(HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws CommandException, IOException {
                    manpage = ProprietaryReaderFactory
                            .<String>getReader(String.class, urlConnection.getContentType())
                            .readFrom(urlConnection.getInputStream(), urlConnection.getContentType());
                }
            });
        }
        return manpage;
    }
   
    private String createCommandCacheKey() {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(getCanonicalHost().length() + name.length() + 12);
        result.append("cache/");
        result.append(getCanonicalHost()).append('_').append(port);
        result.append('/').append(name);
        return result.toString();
    }
   
    protected String getCanonicalHost() {
        if (canonicalHostCache == null) {
            try {
                InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
                canonicalHostCache = address.getCanonicalHostName();
            } catch (UnknownHostException ex) {
                canonicalHostCache = host;
                if (canonicalHostCache != null) {
                    canonicalHostCache = canonicalHostCache.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
                }
            }
        }
        return canonicalHostCache;
    }

    private Class<?> typeOf(String type) {
        if (type.equals("STRING"))
            return String.class;
        else if (type.equals("BOOLEAN"))
            return Boolean.class;
        else if (type.equals("FILE"))
            return File.class;
        else if (type.equals("PASSWORD"))
            return String.class;
        else if (type.equals("PROPERTIES"))
            return Properties.class;
        else
            return String.class;
    }

    /**
     * Return the value of a named attribute, or null if not set.
     */
    private static String getAttr(NamedNodeMap attributes, String name) {
        Node n = attributes.getNamedItem(name);
        if (n != null)
            return n.getNodeValue();
        else
            return null;
    }

    /**
     * Search all the parameters that were actually specified to see
     * if any of them are FILE type parameters.  If so, check for the
     * "--upload" option.
     */
    private void initializeDoUpload() throws CommandException {
        boolean sawFile = false;
        boolean sawDirectory = false;
        /*
         * We don't upload directories, even when asked to upload.
         */
        boolean sawUploadableFile = false;

        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> param : options.entrySet()) {
            String paramName = param.getKey();
            if (paramName.equals("DEFAULT"))    // operands handled below
                continue;
            ParamModel opt = commandModel.getModelFor(paramName);
            if (opt != null &&
                    (opt.getType() == File.class ||
                     opt.getType() == File[].class)) {
                sawFile = true;
                for (String fname : options.get(opt.getName())) {
                    final File optionFile = new File(fname);
                    sawDirectory |= optionFile.isDirectory();
                    sawUploadableFile |= optionFile.isFile();
                }             
            }
        }

        // now check the operands for files
        ParamModel operandParam = getOperandModel();
        if (operandParam != null &&
                (operandParam.getType() == File.class ||
                 operandParam.getType() == File[].class)) {
            sawFile |= !operands.isEmpty();
            for (String operandValue : operands) {
                final File operandFile = new File(operandValue);
                sawDirectory |= operandFile.isDirectory();
                sawUploadableFile |= operandFile.isFile();
            }
        }

        if (sawFile) {
            logger.finer("Saw a file parameter");
            // found a FILE param, is doUpload set?
            String upString = getOption("upload");
            if (ok(upString)) {
                doUpload = Boolean.parseBoolean(upString);
            } else {
                doUpload = !isLocal(host) && sawUploadableFile;
            }
            if (prohibitDirectoryUploads && sawDirectory && doUpload) {
                // oops, can't upload directories
                logger.finer("--upload=" + upString +
                                            ", doUpload=" + doUpload);
                throw new CommandException(strings.get("CantUploadDirectory"));
            }
        }

        if (addedUploadOption) {
            logger.finer("removing --upload option");
            //options.remove("upload");    // remove it
            // XXX - no remove method, have to copy it
            ParameterMap noptions = new ParameterMap();
            for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> e : options.entrySet()) {
                if (!e.getKey().equals("upload"))
                    noptions.set(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
            }
            options = noptions;
        }

        logger.finer("doUpload set to " + doUpload);
    }

    /**
     * Does the given hostname represent the local host?
     */
    private static boolean isLocal(String hostname) {
        if (hostname.equalsIgnoreCase("localhost"))     // the common case
            return true;
        try {
            // let NetUtils do the hard work
            InetAddress ia = InetAddress.getByName(hostname);
            return NetUtils.isLocal(ia.getHostAddress());
        } catch (UnknownHostException ex) {
            /*
             * Sometimes people misconfigure their name service and they
             * can't even look up the name of their own machine.
             * Too bad.  We just give up and say it's not local.
             */
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the ParamModel that corresponds to the operand
     * (primary parameter).  Return null if none.
     */
    private ParamModel getOperandModel() {
        for (ParamModel pm : commandModel.getParameters()) {
            if (pm.getParam().primary())
                return pm;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get an option value, that might come from the command line
     * or from the environment.  Return the default value for the
     * option if not otherwise specified.
     */
    private String getOption(String name) {
        String val = options.getOne(name);
        if (val == null) {
            val = getFromEnvironment(name);
        }
        if (val == null) {
            // no value, find the default
            ParamModel opt = commandModel.getModelFor(name);
            // if no value was specified and there's a default value, return it
            if (opt != null) {
                String def = opt.getParam().defaultValue();
                if (ok(def)) {
                    val = def;
                }
            }
        }
        return val;
    }
   
    private static boolean ok(String s) {
        return s != null && s.length() > 0;
    }
   
    /** Can be called to start async preinitialisation. It can help a little
     * bit in usage performance.
     */
    public static void preinit() {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ProprietaryReaderFactory.getReader(Class.class, "not/defined");
                ProprietaryWriterFactory.getWriter(Class.class);
            }
        });
        thread.setDaemon(true);
        thread.start();
    }
   
}
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