Package org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.hash

Source Code of org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.hash.HashTableITCase

/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.hash;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeutils.TypeComparator;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeutils.TypePairComparator;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeutils.TypeSerializer;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeutils.record.RecordComparator;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeutils.record.RecordSerializer;
import org.apache.flink.core.memory.MemorySegment;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.io.disk.iomanager.IOManager;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.jobgraph.tasks.AbstractInvokable;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.memorymanager.DefaultMemoryManager;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.memorymanager.MemoryAllocationException;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.memorymanager.MemoryManager;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.hash.MutableHashTable.HashBucketIterator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.DummyInvokable;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.UniformIntPairGenerator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.UniformRecordGenerator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.UnionIterator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.types.IntPair;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.types.IntPairComparator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.types.IntPairPairComparator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.testutils.types.IntPairSerializer;
import org.apache.flink.types.IntValue;
import org.apache.flink.types.Key;
import org.apache.flink.types.NullKeyFieldException;
import org.apache.flink.types.Record;
import org.apache.flink.util.MutableObjectIterator;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HashTableITCase {

  private static final AbstractInvokable MEM_OWNER = new DummyInvokable();
 
  private MemoryManager memManager;
  private IOManager ioManager;
 
  private TypeSerializer<Record> recordBuildSideAccesssor;
  private TypeSerializer<Record> recordProbeSideAccesssor;
  private TypeComparator<Record> recordBuildSideComparator;
  private TypeComparator<Record> recordProbeSideComparator;
  private TypePairComparator<Record, Record> pactRecordComparator;
 
  private TypeSerializer<IntPair> pairBuildSideAccesssor;
  private TypeSerializer<IntPair> pairProbeSideAccesssor;
  private TypeComparator<IntPair> pairBuildSideComparator;
  private TypeComparator<IntPair> pairProbeSideComparator;
  private TypePairComparator<IntPair, IntPair> pairComparator;

  @Before
  public void setup()
  {
    final int[] keyPos = new int[] {0};
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    final Class<? extends Key<?>>[] keyType = (Class<? extends Key<?>>[]) new Class[] { IntValue.class };
   
    this.recordBuildSideAccesssor = RecordSerializer.get();
    this.recordProbeSideAccesssor = RecordSerializer.get();
    this.recordBuildSideComparator = new RecordComparator(keyPos, keyType);
    this.recordProbeSideComparator = new RecordComparator(keyPos, keyType);
    this.pactRecordComparator = new RecordPairComparatorFirstInt();
   
    this.pairBuildSideAccesssor = new IntPairSerializer();
    this.pairProbeSideAccesssor = new IntPairSerializer();
    this.pairBuildSideComparator = new IntPairComparator();
    this.pairProbeSideComparator = new IntPairComparator();
    this.pairComparator = new IntPairPairComparator();
   
    this.memManager = new DefaultMemoryManager(32 * 1024 * 1024,1);
    this.ioManager = new IOManager();
  }
 
  @After
  public void tearDown()
  {
    // shut down I/O manager and Memory Manager and verify the correct shutdown
    this.ioManager.shutdown();
    if (!this.ioManager.isProperlyShutDown()) {
      fail("I/O manager was not property shut down.");
    }
    if (!this.memManager.verifyEmpty()) {
      fail("Not all memory was properly released to the memory manager --> Memory Leak.");
    }
  }
 
  @Test
  public void testIOBufferCountComputation()
  {
    assertEquals(1, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(32));
    assertEquals(1, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(33));
    assertEquals(1, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(40));
    assertEquals(1, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(64));
    assertEquals(1, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(127));
    assertEquals(2, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(128));
    assertEquals(2, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(129));
    assertEquals(2, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(511));
    assertEquals(3, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(512));
    assertEquals(3, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(513));
    assertEquals(3, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(2047));
    assertEquals(4, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(2048));
    assertEquals(4, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(2049));
    assertEquals(4, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(8191));
    assertEquals(5, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(8192));
    assertEquals(5, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(8193));
    assertEquals(5, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(32767));
    assertEquals(6, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(32768));
    assertEquals(6, MutableHashTable.getNumWriteBehindBuffers(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
  }
 
  @Test
  public void testInMemoryMutableHashTable() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 100000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probeInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
      this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
      this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
      memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
   
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", NUM_KEYS * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY * PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());

  }
 
  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinOneRecursionPerformance() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probeInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", NUM_KEYS * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY * PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinOneRecursionValidity() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probeInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the map for validating the results
    HashMap<Integer, Long> map = new HashMap<Integer, Long>(NUM_KEYS);
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
 
    Record record;
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();

    while (join.nextRecord())
    {
      int numBuildValues = 0;
     
      int key = 0;
     
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      if ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues = 1;
        key = record.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue();
      }
      else {
        fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
      }
      while ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues++;
      }
     
      if (numBuildValues != 3) {
        fail("Other than 3 build values!!!");
      }
     
      Record pr = join.getCurrentProbeRecord();
      Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, pr.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue());
     
      Long contained = map.get(key);
      if (contained == null) {
        contained = new Long(numBuildValues);
      }
      else {
        contained = new Long(contained.longValue() + (numBuildValues));
      }
     
      map.put(key, contained);
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of keys", NUM_KEYS, map.size());
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      long val = entry.getValue();
      int key = entry.getKey();
 
      Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of values in per-key cross product for key " + key,
        PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, val);
    }
   
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 

  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinWithMassiveCollisions() throws IOException
  {
    // the following two values are known to have a hash-code collision on the initial level.
    // we use them to make sure one partition grows over-proportionally large
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_1 = 40559;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_2 = 92882;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD = 200000;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE = 5;
   
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key, plus 400k pairs with two colliding keys
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build1 = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build2 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build3 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<Record>> builds = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<Record>>();
    builds.add(build1);
    builds.add(build2);
    builds.add(build3);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UnionIterator<Record>(builds);
 
    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe1 = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe2 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, 5);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe3 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, 5);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<Record>> probes = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<Record>>();
    probes.add(probe1);
    probes.add(probe2);
    probes.add(probe3);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probeInput = new UnionIterator<Record>(probes);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the map for validating the results
    HashMap<Integer, Long> map = new HashMap<Integer, Long>(NUM_KEYS);
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
 
    Record record;
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();

    while (join.nextRecord())
    { 
      int numBuildValues = 0;
 
      final Record probeRec = join.getCurrentProbeRecord();
      int key = probeRec.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue();
     
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      if ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues = 1;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue());
      }
      else {
        fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
      }
      while ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues++;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue());
      }
     
      Long contained = map.get(key);
      if (contained == null) {
        contained = new Long(numBuildValues);
      }
      else {
        contained = new Long(contained.longValue() + numBuildValues);
      }
     
      map.put(key, contained);
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of keys", NUM_KEYS, map.size());
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      long val = entry.getValue();
      int key = entry.getKey();
 
      Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of values in per-key cross product for key " + key,
        (key == REPEATED_VALUE_1 || key == REPEATED_VALUE_2) ?
          (PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE) * (BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD) :
          PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, val);
    }
   
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * This test is basically identical to the "testSpillingHashJoinWithMassiveCollisions" test, only that the number
   * of repeated values (causing bucket collisions) are large enough to make sure that their target partition no longer
   * fits into memory by itself and needs to be repartitioned in the recursion again.
   */
  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinWithTwoRecursions() throws IOException
  {
    // the following two values are known to have a hash-code collision on the first recursion level.
    // we use them to make sure one partition grows over-proportionally large
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_1 = 40559;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_2 = 92882;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD = 200000;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE = 5;
   
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key, plus 400k pairs with two colliding keys
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build1 = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build2 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build3 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<Record>> builds = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<Record>>();
    builds.add(build1);
    builds.add(build2);
    builds.add(build3);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UnionIterator<Record>(builds);
 
    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe1 = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe2 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, 5);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe3 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, 5);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<Record>> probes = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<Record>>();
    probes.add(probe1);
    probes.add(probe2);
    probes.add(probe3);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probeInput = new UnionIterator<Record>(probes);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the map for validating the results
    HashMap<Integer, Long> map = new HashMap<Integer, Long>(NUM_KEYS);
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    Record record;
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();

    while (join.nextRecord())
    { 
      int numBuildValues = 0;
     
      final Record probeRec = join.getCurrentProbeRecord();
      int key = probeRec.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue();
     
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      if ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues = 1;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue());
      }
      else {
        fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
      }
      while ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues++;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue());
      }
     
      Long contained = map.get(key);
      if (contained == null) {
        contained = new Long(numBuildValues);
      }
      else {
        contained = new Long(contained.longValue() + numBuildValues);
      }
     
      map.put(key, contained);
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of keys", NUM_KEYS, map.size());
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      long val = entry.getValue();
      int key = entry.getKey();
 
      Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of values in per-key cross product for key " + key,
        (key == REPEATED_VALUE_1 || key == REPEATED_VALUE_2) ?
          (PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE) * (BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD) :
          PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, val);
    }
   
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * This test is basically identical to the "testSpillingHashJoinWithMassiveCollisions" test, only that the number
   * of repeated values (causing bucket collisions) are large enough to make sure that their target partition no longer
   * fits into memory by itself and needs to be repartitioned in the recursion again.
   */
  @Test
  public void testFailingHashJoinTooManyRecursions() throws IOException
  {
    // the following two values are known to have a hash-code collision on the first recursion level.
    // we use them to make sure one partition grows over-proportionally large
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_1 = 40559;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_2 = 92882;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT = 3000000;
   
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key, plus 400k pairs with two colliding keys
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build1 = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build2 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> build3 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<Record>> builds = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<Record>>();
    builds.add(build1);
    builds.add(build2);
    builds.add(build3);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UnionIterator<Record>(builds);
 
    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe1 = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe2 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probe3 = new ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<Record>> probes = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<Record>>();
    probes.add(probe1);
    probes.add(probe2);
    probes.add(probe3);
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> probeInput = new UnionIterator<Record>(probes);
   
    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();

    try {
      while (join.nextRecord()) { 
        HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
        if (buildSide.next(recordReuse) == null) {
          fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
        }
        while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null);
      }
     
      fail("Hash Join must have failed due to too many recursions.");
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
      // expected
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * Spills build records, so that probe records are also spilled. But only so
   * few probe records are used that some partitions remain empty.
   */
  @Test
  public void testSparseProbeSpilling() throws IOException, MemoryAllocationException
  {
    final int NUM_BUILD_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int NUM_BUILD_VALS = 1;
    final int NUM_PROBE_KEYS = 20;
    final int NUM_PROBE_VALS = 1;

    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(
        NUM_BUILD_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_VALS, false);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 128);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }

    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_PROBE_VALS, true));

    int expectedNumResults = (Math.min(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_KEYS) * NUM_BUILD_VALS)
        * NUM_PROBE_VALS;

    final Record recordReuse = new Record();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", expectedNumResults, numRecordsInJoinResult);

    join.close();
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * This test validates a bug fix against former memory loss in the case where a partition was spilled
   * during an insert into the same.
   */
  @Test
  public void validateSpillingDuringInsertion() throws IOException, MemoryAllocationException
  {
    final int NUM_BUILD_KEYS = 500000;
    final int NUM_BUILD_VALS = 1;
    final int NUM_PROBE_KEYS = 10;
    final int NUM_PROBE_VALS = 1;
   
    MutableObjectIterator<Record> buildInput = new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_BUILD_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_VALS, false);
   
    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 85);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }   
       
    final MutableHashTable<Record, Record> join = new MutableHashTable<Record, Record>(
        this.recordBuildSideAccesssor, this.recordProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.recordBuildSideComparator, this.recordProbeSideComparator, this.pactRecordComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, new UniformRecordGenerator(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_PROBE_VALS, true));
   
    final Record recordReuse = new Record();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    int expectedNumResults = (Math.min(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_KEYS) * NUM_BUILD_VALS)
    * NUM_PROBE_VALS;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<Record, Record> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", expectedNumResults, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  // ============================================================================================
  //                                 Integer Pairs based Tests
  // ============================================================================================
 
 
  @Test
  public void testInMemoryMutableHashTableIntPair() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 100000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the I/O access for spilling
    final IOManager ioManager = new IOManager();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
      this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
      this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
      memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", NUM_KEYS * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY * PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinOneRecursionPerformanceIntPair() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", NUM_KEYS * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY * PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinOneRecursionValidityIntPair() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the I/O access for spilling
    IOManager ioManager = new IOManager();
   
    // create the map for validating the results
    HashMap<Integer, Long> map = new HashMap<Integer, Long>(NUM_KEYS);
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
 
    IntPair record;
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();

    while (join.nextRecord())
    {
      int numBuildValues = 0;
     
      int key = 0;
     
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      if ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues = 1;
        key = record.getKey();
      }
      else {
        fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
      }
      while ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues++;
      }
     
      if (numBuildValues != 3) {
        fail("Other than 3 build values!!!");
      }
     
      IntPair pr = join.getCurrentProbeRecord();
      Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, pr.getKey());
     
      Long contained = map.get(key);
      if (contained == null) {
        contained = new Long(numBuildValues);
      }
      else {
        contained = new Long(contained.longValue() + (numBuildValues));
      }
     
      map.put(key, contained);
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of keys", NUM_KEYS, map.size());
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      long val = entry.getValue();
      int key = entry.getKey();
 
      Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of values in per-key cross product for key " + key,
        PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, val);
    }
   
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 

  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinWithMassiveCollisionsIntPair() throws IOException
  {
    // the following two values are known to have a hash-code collision on the initial level.
    // we use them to make sure one partition grows over-proportionally large
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_1 = 40559;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_2 = 92882;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD = 200000;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE = 5;
   
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key, plus 400k pairs with two colliding keys
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build1 = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build2 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build3 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>> builds = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>>();
    builds.add(build1);
    builds.add(build2);
    builds.add(build3);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UnionIterator<IntPair>(builds);
 
    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe1 = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe2 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, 5);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe3 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, 5);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>> probes = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>>();
    probes.add(probe1);
    probes.add(probe2);
    probes.add(probe3);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UnionIterator<IntPair>(probes);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the I/O access for spilling
    IOManager ioManager = new IOManager();
   
    // create the map for validating the results
    HashMap<Integer, Long> map = new HashMap<Integer, Long>(NUM_KEYS);
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
 
    IntPair record;
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();

    while (join.nextRecord())
    { 
      int numBuildValues = 0;
 
      final IntPair probeRec = join.getCurrentProbeRecord();
      int key = probeRec.getKey();
     
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      if ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues = 1;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getKey());
      }
      else {
        fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
      }
      while ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues++;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getKey());
      }
     
      Long contained = map.get(key);
      if (contained == null) {
        contained = new Long(numBuildValues);
      }
      else {
        contained = new Long(contained.longValue() + numBuildValues);
      }
     
      map.put(key, contained);
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of keys", NUM_KEYS, map.size());
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      long val = entry.getValue();
      int key = entry.getKey();
 
      Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of values in per-key cross product for key " + key,
        (key == REPEATED_VALUE_1 || key == REPEATED_VALUE_2) ?
          (PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE) * (BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD) :
          PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, val);
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * This test is basically identical to the "testSpillingHashJoinWithMassiveCollisions" test, only that the number
   * of repeated values (causing bucket collisions) are large enough to make sure that their target partition no longer
   * fits into memory by itself and needs to be repartitioned in the recursion again.
   */
  @Test
  public void testSpillingHashJoinWithTwoRecursionsIntPair() throws IOException
  {
    // the following two values are known to have a hash-code collision on the first recursion level.
    // we use them to make sure one partition grows over-proportionally large
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_1 = 40559;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_2 = 92882;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD = 200000;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE = 5;
   
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key, plus 400k pairs with two colliding keys
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build1 = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build2 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build3 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>> builds = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>>();
    builds.add(build1);
    builds.add(build2);
    builds.add(build3);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UnionIterator<IntPair>(builds);
 
    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe1 = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe2 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, 5);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe3 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, 5);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>> probes = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>>();
    probes.add(probe1);
    probes.add(probe2);
    probes.add(probe3);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UnionIterator<IntPair>(probes);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // create the map for validating the results
    HashMap<Integer, Long> map = new HashMap<Integer, Long>(NUM_KEYS);
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    IntPair record;
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();

    while (join.nextRecord())
    { 
      int numBuildValues = 0;
     
      final IntPair probeRec = join.getCurrentProbeRecord();
      int key = probeRec.getKey();
     
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      if ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues = 1;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getKey());
      }
      else {
        fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
      }
      while ((record = buildSide.next(recordReuse)) != null) {
        numBuildValues++;
        Assert.assertEquals("Probe-side key was different than build-side key.", key, record.getKey());
      }
     
      Long contained = map.get(key);
      if (contained == null) {
        contained = new Long(numBuildValues);
      }
      else {
        contained = new Long(contained.longValue() + numBuildValues);
      }
     
      map.put(key, contained);
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of keys", NUM_KEYS, map.size());
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      long val = entry.getValue();
      int key = entry.getKey();
 
      Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of values in per-key cross product for key " + key,
        (key == REPEATED_VALUE_1 || key == REPEATED_VALUE_2) ?
          (PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_PROBE) * (BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY + REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT_BUILD) :
          PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, val);
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * This test is basically identical to the "testSpillingHashJoinWithMassiveCollisions" test, only that the number
   * of repeated values (causing bucket collisions) are large enough to make sure that their target partition no longer
   * fits into memory by itself and needs to be repartitioned in the recursion again.
   */
  @Test
  public void testFailingHashJoinTooManyRecursionsIntPair() throws IOException
  {
    // the following two values are known to have a hash-code collision on the first recursion level.
    // we use them to make sure one partition grows over-proportionally large
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_1 = 40559;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_2 = 92882;
    final int REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT = 3000000;
   
    final int NUM_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key, plus 400k pairs with two colliding keys
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build1 = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build2 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> build3 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>> builds = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>>();
    builds.add(build1);
    builds.add(build2);
    builds.add(build3);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UnionIterator<IntPair>(builds);
 
    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe1 = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe2 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_1, 17, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probe3 = new ConstantsIntPairsIterator(REPEATED_VALUE_2, 23, REPEATED_VALUE_COUNT);
    List<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>> probes = new ArrayList<MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>>();
    probes.add(probe1);
    probes.add(probe2);
    probes.add(probe3);
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UnionIterator<IntPair>(probes);
   
    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();

    try {
      while (join.nextRecord())
      { 
        HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
        if (buildSide.next(recordReuse) == null) {
          fail("No build side values found for a probe key.");
        }
        while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null);
      }
     
      fail("Hash Join must have failed due to too many recursions.");
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
      // expected
    }
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * Spills build records, so that probe records are also spilled. But only so
   * few probe records are used that some partitions remain empty.
   */
  @Test
  public void testSparseProbeSpillingIntPair() throws IOException, MemoryAllocationException
  {
    final int NUM_BUILD_KEYS = 1000000;
    final int NUM_BUILD_VALS = 1;
    final int NUM_PROBE_KEYS = 20;
    final int NUM_PROBE_VALS = 1;

    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_BUILD_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_VALS, false);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 128);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }

    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_PROBE_VALS, true));

    int expectedNumResults = (Math.min(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_KEYS) * NUM_BUILD_VALS)
        * NUM_PROBE_VALS;

    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", expectedNumResults, numRecordsInJoinResult);

    join.close();
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  /*
   * This test validates a bug fix against former memory loss in the case where a partition was spilled
   * during an insert into the same.
   */
  @Test
  public void validateSpillingDuringInsertionIntPair() throws IOException, MemoryAllocationException
  {
    final int NUM_BUILD_KEYS = 500000;
    final int NUM_BUILD_VALS = 1;
    final int NUM_PROBE_KEYS = 10;
    final int NUM_PROBE_VALS = 1;
   
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_BUILD_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_VALS, false);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 85);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
       
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
        memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_PROBE_VALS, true));
   
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    int expectedNumResults = (Math.min(NUM_PROBE_KEYS, NUM_BUILD_KEYS) * NUM_BUILD_VALS)
    * NUM_PROBE_VALS;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", expectedNumResults, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  @Test
  public void testInMemoryReOpen() throws IOException
  {
    final int NUM_KEYS = 100000;
    final int BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY = 3;
    final int PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY = 10;
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    MutableObjectIterator<IntPair> probeInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    // allocate the memory for the HashTable
    List<MemorySegment> memSegments;
    try {
      memSegments = this.memManager.allocatePages(MEM_OWNER, 896);
    }
    catch (MemoryAllocationException maex) {
      fail("Memory for the Join could not be provided.");
      return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    final MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair> join = new MutableHashTable<IntPair, IntPair>(
        this.pairBuildSideAccesssor, this.pairProbeSideAccesssor,
        this.pairBuildSideComparator, this.pairProbeSideComparator, this.pairComparator,
      memSegments, ioManager);
    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    final IntPair recordReuse = new IntPair();
    int numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", NUM_KEYS * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY * PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // recreate the inputs
   
    // create a build input that gives 3 million pairs with 3 values sharing the same key
    buildInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY, false);

    // create a probe input that gives 10 million pairs with 10 values sharing a key
    probeInput = new UniformIntPairGenerator(NUM_KEYS, PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, true);

    join.open(buildInput, probeInput);
   
    numRecordsInJoinResult = 0;
   
    while (join.nextRecord()) {
      HashBucketIterator<IntPair, IntPair> buildSide = join.getBuildSideIterator();
      while (buildSide.next(recordReuse) != null) {
        numRecordsInJoinResult++;
      }
    }
    Assert.assertEquals("Wrong number of records in join result.", NUM_KEYS * BUILD_VALS_PER_KEY * PROBE_VALS_PER_KEY, numRecordsInJoinResult);
   
    join.close();
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    this.memManager.release(join.getFreedMemory());
  }
 
  // ============================================================================================
 
  /**
   * An iterator that returns the Key/Value pairs with identical value a given number of times.
   */
  public static final class ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator implements MutableObjectIterator<Record>
  {
    private final IntValue key;
    private final IntValue value;
   
    private int numLeft;
   
    public ConstantsKeyValuePairsIterator(int key, int value, int count)
    {
      this.key = new IntValue(key);
      this.value = new IntValue(value);
      this.numLeft = count;
    }

    @Override
    public Record next(Record reuse) {
      if (this.numLeft > 0) {
        this.numLeft--;
        reuse.clear();
        reuse.setField(0, this.key);
        reuse.setField(1, this.value);
        return reuse;
      }
      else {
        return null;
      }
    }
  }
 
  // ============================================================================================
 
  /**
   * An iterator that returns the Key/Value pairs with identical value a given number of times.
   */
  private static final class ConstantsIntPairsIterator implements MutableObjectIterator<IntPair>
  {
    private final int key;
    private final int value;
   
    private int numLeft;
   
    public ConstantsIntPairsIterator(int key, int value, int count)
    {
      this.key = key;
      this.value = value;
      this.numLeft = count;
    }

    @Override
    public IntPair next(IntPair reuse) {
      if (this.numLeft > 0) {
        this.numLeft--;
        reuse.setKey(this.key);
        reuse.setValue(this.value);
        return reuse;
      }
      else {
        return null;
      }
    }
  }
 
  // ============================================================================================
 
  public static final class RecordPairComparatorFirstInt extends TypePairComparator<Record, Record> {
   
    private int key;

    @Override
    public void setReference(Record reference) {
      try {
        this.key = reference.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue();
      } catch (NullPointerException npex) {
        throw new NullKeyFieldException();
      }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equalToReference(Record candidate) {
      try {
        return this.key == candidate.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue();
      } catch (NullPointerException npex) {
        throw new NullKeyFieldException();
      }
    }


    @Override
    public int compareToReference(Record candidate) {
      try {
        final int i = candidate.getField(0, IntValue.class).getValue();
        return i - this.key;
      } catch (NullPointerException npex) {
        throw new NullKeyFieldException();
      }
       
    }
  }
}
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