Package edu.brown.benchmark.seats

Source Code of edu.brown.benchmark.seats.SEATSLoader

/***************************************************************************
*  Copyright (C) 2011 by H-Store Project                                  *
*  Brown University                                                       *
*  Massachusetts Institute of Technology                                  *
*  Yale University                                                        *
*                                                                         *
*  http://hstore.cs.brown.edu/                                            *
*                                                                         *
*  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining  *
*  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the        *
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*  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to  *
*  the following conditions:                                              *
*                                                                         *
*  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be         *
*  included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.        *
*                                                                         *
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package edu.brown.benchmark.seats;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import org.apache.commons.collections15.map.ListOrderedMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections15.set.ListOrderedSet;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.voltdb.CatalogContext;
import org.voltdb.VoltTable;
import org.voltdb.VoltType;
import org.voltdb.catalog.CatalogMap;
import org.voltdb.catalog.Column;
import org.voltdb.catalog.Table;
import org.voltdb.types.TimestampType;
import org.voltdb.utils.Pair;

import edu.brown.api.Loader;
import edu.brown.benchmark.seats.util.DistanceUtil;
import edu.brown.benchmark.seats.util.Reservation;
import edu.brown.benchmark.seats.util.ReturnFlight;
import edu.brown.benchmark.seats.util.SEATSHistogramUtil;
import edu.brown.catalog.CatalogUtil;
import edu.brown.logging.LoggerUtil;
import edu.brown.logging.LoggerUtil.LoggerBoolean;
import edu.brown.rand.AbstractRandomGenerator;
import edu.brown.rand.DefaultRandomGenerator;
import edu.brown.rand.RandomDistribution;
import edu.brown.rand.RandomDistribution.Flat;
import edu.brown.rand.RandomDistribution.FlatHistogram;
import edu.brown.rand.RandomDistribution.Gaussian;
import edu.brown.rand.RandomDistribution.Zipf;
import edu.brown.statistics.Histogram;
import edu.brown.statistics.ObjectHistogram;
import edu.brown.utils.CollectionUtil;
import edu.brown.utils.StringUtil;
import edu.brown.utils.TableDataIterable;

public class SEATSLoader extends Loader {
    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(SEATSLoader.class);
    private static final LoggerBoolean debug = new LoggerBoolean();
    private static final LoggerBoolean trace = new LoggerBoolean();
    static {
        LoggerUtil.attachObserver(LOG, debug, trace);
    }
   
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
    // INTERNAL DATA MEMBERS
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
   
    protected final SEATSProfile profile;
   
    protected final File airline_data_dir;
   
    /**
     * Mapping from Airports to their geolocation coordinates
     * AirportCode -> <Latitude, Longitude>
     */
    private final ListOrderedMap<String, Pair<Double, Double>> airport_locations = new ListOrderedMap<String, Pair<Double,Double>>();

    /**
     * AirportCode -> Set<AirportCode, Distance>
     * Only store the records for those airports in HISTOGRAM_FLIGHTS_PER_AIRPORT
     */
    private final Map<String, Map<String, Short>> airport_distances = new HashMap<String, Map<String, Short>>();

    /**
     * Counter for the number of tables that we have finished loading
     */
    private final AtomicInteger finished = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private final int num_data_tables;

    /**
     * A histogram of the number of flights in the database per airline code
     */
    private final Histogram<String> flights_per_airline = new ObjectHistogram<String>(true);
   
    private final AbstractRandomGenerator rng;
   
    /**
     *
     */
    private final Map<Long, FlightInfo> flight_infos = new HashMap<Long, FlightInfo>();
   
    private static class FlightInfo {
        // NOTE: These need to be strings.
        //       We will automagically convert them to their proper
        //       ids in loadTable()
        private String depart_airport;
        private String arrive_airport;
        private String airline_code;
        private TimestampType depart_time;
        private TimestampType arrive_time;
        private int seats_remaining = SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_NUM_SEATS;
       
        /**
         * Decrement the number of available seats for a flight and return
         * the total amount remaining
         */
        public int decrementFlightSeat() {
            assert(this.seats_remaining > 0) : "Invalid seat count";
            return (--this.seats_remaining);
        }
    }
   
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
    // INITIALIZATION
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
   
    /**
     *
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
        edu.brown.api.BenchmarkComponent.main(SEATSLoader.class, args, true);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @param args
     */
    public SEATSLoader(String[] args) {
        super(args);
       
        String data_dir = null;
        for (String key : m_extraParams.keySet()) {
            String value = m_extraParams.get(key);

            // Data Directory
            // Parameter that points to where we can find the initial data files
            if (key.equalsIgnoreCase("datadir")) {
                data_dir = value;
            }
        } // FOR
        if (data_dir == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Unable to start benchmark. Missing 'datadir' parameter\n" + StringUtil.formatMaps(m_extraParams));
        }
        this.airline_data_dir = new File(data_dir);
        if (this.airline_data_dir.exists() == false) {
            String msg = String.format("Unable to start benchmark. The data directory %s does not exist",
                                       this.airline_data_dir.getAbsolutePath());
            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
        }
       
        this.rng = new DefaultRandomGenerator();
        this.profile = new SEATSProfile(this.getCatalogContext(), this.rng);
        this.profile.scale_factor = this.getScaleFactor();
       
        CatalogContext catalogContext = this.getCatalogContext();
        int table_ctr = 0;
        for (Table catalog_tbl : catalogContext.getDataTables()) {
            if (catalog_tbl.getName().startsWith("CONFIG_") == false) {
                table_ctr++;
            }
        } // FOR
        this.num_data_tables = table_ctr;
    }
   
    public SEATSProfile getProfile() {
        return (this.profile);
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
    // LOADING METHODS
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
   
    @Override
    public void load() throws IOException {
        if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Begin to load tables...");
        CatalogContext catalogContext = this.getCatalogContext();
       
        // Load Histograms
        if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Loading data files for histograms");
        this.loadHistograms(catalogContext);
       
        // Load the first tables from data files
        if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Loading data files for fixed-sized tables");
        this.loadFixedTables(catalogContext);
       
        // Once we have those mofos, let's go get make our flight data tables
        if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Loading data files for scaling tables");
        this.loadScalingTables(catalogContext);
       
        // Save the benchmark profile out to disk so that we can send it
        // to all of the clients
        this.profile.saveProfile(this);

        if (debug.val) LOG.debug("SEATS loader done.");
    }
   
    /**
     * Load all the histograms used in the benchmark
     */
    protected void loadHistograms(CatalogContext catalogContext) {
        if (debug.val)
            LOG.debug(String.format("Loading in %d histograms from files stored in '%s'",
                      SEATSConstants.HISTOGRAM_DATA_FILES.length, this.airline_data_dir));
       
        // Now load in the histograms that we will need for generating the flight data
        for (String histogramName : SEATSConstants.HISTOGRAM_DATA_FILES) {
            if (this.profile.histograms.containsKey(histogramName)) {
                if (debug.val)
                    LOG.warn("Already loaded histogram '" + histogramName + "'. Skipping...");
                continue;
            }
            if (debug.val)
                LOG.debug("Loading in histogram data file for '" + histogramName + "'");
            Histogram<String> hist = null;
           
            try {
                // The Flights_Per_Airport histogram is actually a serialized map that has a histogram
                // of the departing flights from each airport to all the others
                if (histogramName.equals(SEATSConstants.HISTOGRAM_FLIGHTS_PER_AIRPORT)) {
                    Map<String, Histogram<String>> m = SEATSHistogramUtil.loadAirportFlights(this.airline_data_dir);
                    assert(m != null);
                    if (debug.val)
                        LOG.debug(String.format("Loaded %d airport flight histograms", m.size()));
                   
                    // Store the airport codes information
                    this.profile.airport_histograms.putAll(m);
                   
                    // We then need to flatten all of the histograms in this map into a single histogram
                    // that just counts the number of departing flights per airport. We will use this
                    // to get the distribution of where Customers are located
                    hist = new ObjectHistogram<String>();
                    for (Entry<String, Histogram<String>> e : m.entrySet()) {
                        hist.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue().getSampleCount());
                    } // FOR
                   
                // All other histograms are just serialized and can be loaded directly
                } else {
                    hist = SEATSHistogramUtil.loadHistogram(histogramName, this.airline_data_dir, true);
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load histogram '" + histogramName + "'", ex);
            }
            assert(hist != null);
            this.profile.histograms.put(histogramName, hist);
            if (debug.val) LOG.debug(String.format("Loaded histogram '%s' [sampleCount=%d, valueCount=%d]",
                                                     histogramName, hist.getSampleCount(), hist.getValueCount()));
        } // FOR

    }
   
    /**
     * The fixed tables are those that are generated from the static data files
     * The number of tuples in these tables will not change based on the scale factor.
     * @param catalogContext
     */
    protected void loadFixedTables(CatalogContext catalogContext) {
        for (String table_name : SEATSConstants.TABLES_DATAFILES) {
            LOG.debug(String.format("Loading table '%s' from fixed file", table_name));
            try {   
                Table catalog_tbl = catalogContext.database.getTables().getIgnoreCase(table_name);
                assert(catalog_tbl != null);
                Iterable<Object[]> iterable = this.getFixedIterable(catalog_tbl);
                this.loadTable(catalog_tbl, iterable, 5000);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load data files for fixed-sized table '" + table_name + "'", ex);
            }
        } // FOR
    }
   
    /**
     * The scaling tables are things that we will scale the number of tuples based
     * on the given scaling factor at runtime
     * @param catalogContext
     */
    protected void loadScalingTables(CatalogContext catalogContext) {
        // Setup the # of flights per airline
        this.flights_per_airline.put(profile.getAirlineCodes(), 0);

        // IMPORTANT: FLIGHT must come before FREQUENT_FLYER so that we
        // can use the flights_per_airline histogram when selecting an airline to
        // create a new FREQUENT_FLYER account for a CUSTOMER
        for (String table_name : SEATSConstants.TABLES_SCALING) {
            try {
                Table catalog_tbl = catalogContext.database.getTables().get(table_name);
                assert(catalog_tbl != null);
                Iterable<Object[]> iterable = this.getScalingIterable(catalog_tbl);
                this.loadTable(catalog_tbl, iterable, 5000);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
                String msg = "Failed to load data files for scaling-sized table '" + table_name + "'";
                throw new RuntimeException(msg, ex);
            }
        } // FOR
    }

    /**
     * Debug
     * @param catalog_tbl
     * @param tuple
     * @param row_idx
     * @return
     */
    private String dumpTuple(Table catalog_tbl, Object tuple[], int row_idx) {
        String ret = catalog_tbl.getName() + " #" + row_idx + "\n";
        for (int i = 0; i < tuple.length; i++) {
            Column catalog_col = catalog_tbl.getColumns().get(i);
            ret += "[" + i + "]: " + tuple[i] + " - " + catalog_col.getName() + " - [" +
                   (tuple[i] != null ? tuple[i].getClass().getSimpleName() : null) +
                   "->" + VoltType.get((byte)catalog_col.getType()).toString() + "]\n";
        } // FOR
        ret += "\n";
        return (ret);
    }
   
    /**
     *
     * @param catalog_tbl
     */
    public void loadTable(Table catalog_tbl, Iterable<Object[]> iterable, int batch_size) {
        final String tableName = catalog_tbl.getName();
        final boolean is_airport = tableName.equals(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_AIRPORT);
        final boolean is_flight = tableName.equals(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FLIGHT);
        final boolean is_customer = tableName.equals(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_CUSTOMER);
        final boolean is_reservation = tableName.equals(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_RESERVATION);
        final CatalogContext catalogContext = this.getCatalogContext();
       
        if (debug.val)
            LOG.debug(String.format("Generating new records for table %s [batchSize=%d]",
                      tableName, batch_size));
        final VoltTable vt = CatalogUtil.getVoltTable(catalog_tbl);
        final CatalogMap<Column> columns = catalog_tbl.getColumns();
       
        VoltTable vtFilghtInfo = null;
        int flightInfoOffsets[] = null;
        if (is_flight) {
            Table flightTbl = catalogContext.database.getTables().get(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FLIGHT_INFO);
            vtFilghtInfo = CatalogUtil.getVoltTable(flightTbl);
            flightInfoOffsets = new int[flightTbl.getColumns().size()];
            for (Column flightInfoCol : flightTbl.getColumns()) {
                Column flightCol = catalog_tbl.getColumns().getIgnoreCase(flightInfoCol.getName());
                assert(flightCol != null) : "Missing " + flightInfoCol.fullName();
                flightInfoOffsets[flightInfoCol.getIndex()] = flightCol.getIndex();
            } // FOR
        }
       
        // Check whether we have any special mappings that we need to maintain
        Map<Integer, Integer> code_2_id = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        Map<Integer, Map<String, Long>> mapping_columns = new HashMap<Integer, Map<String, Long>>();
        for (Column catalog_col : columns) {
            String col_name = catalog_col.getName();
            int col_code_idx = catalog_col.getIndex();
           
            // Code Column -> Id Column Mapping
            // Check to see whether this table has columns that we need to map their
            // code values to tuple ids
            String col_id_name = this.profile.code_columns.get(col_name);
            if (col_id_name != null) {
                Column catalog_id_col = columns.get(col_id_name);
                assert(catalog_id_col != null) : "The id column " + tableName + "." + col_id_name + " is missing";
                int col_id_idx = catalog_id_col.getIndex();
                code_2_id.put(col_code_idx, col_id_idx);
            }
           
            // Foreign Key Column to Code->Id Mapping
            // If this columns references a foreign key that is used in the Code->Id mapping
            // that we generating above, then we need to know when we should change the
            // column value from a code to the id stored in our lookup table
            if (this.profile.fkey_value_xref.containsKey(col_name)) {
                String col_fkey_name = this.profile.fkey_value_xref.get(col_name);
                mapping_columns.put(col_code_idx, this.profile.code_id_xref.get(col_fkey_name));
            }
        } // FOR

        int row_idx = 0;
        try {
            for (Object tuple[] : iterable) {
                assert(tuple[0] != null) : "The primary key for " + tableName + " is null";
                if (trace.val) LOG.trace(this.dumpTuple(catalog_tbl, tuple, row_idx));
               
                // AIRPORT
                if (is_airport) {
                    // Skip any airport that does not have flights
                    int col_code_idx = catalog_tbl.getColumns().get("AP_CODE").getIndex();
                    if (profile.hasFlights((String)tuple[col_code_idx]) == false) {
                        if (trace.val)
                            LOG.trace(String.format("Skipping AIRPORT '%s' because it does not have any flights", tuple[col_code_idx]));
                        continue;
                    }
                   
                    // Update the row # so that it matches what we're actually loading
                    int col_id_idx = columns.get("AP_ID").getIndex();
                    tuple[col_id_idx] = (long)(row_idx + 1);
                   
                    // Store Locations
                    int col_lat_idx = catalog_tbl.getColumns().get("AP_LATITUDE").getIndex();
                    int col_lon_idx = catalog_tbl.getColumns().get("AP_LONGITUDE").getIndex();
                    Pair<Double, Double> coords = Pair.of((Double)tuple[col_lat_idx], (Double)tuple[col_lon_idx]);
                    if (coords.getFirst() == null || coords.getSecond() == null) {
                        LOG.error(Arrays.toString(tuple));
                    }
                    assert(coords.getFirst() != null) :
                        String.format("Unexpected null latitude for airport '%s' [%d]", tuple[col_code_idx], col_lat_idx);
                    assert(coords.getSecond() != null) :
                        String.format("Unexpected null longitude for airport '%s' [%d]", tuple[col_code_idx], col_lon_idx);
                    this.airport_locations.put(tuple[col_code_idx].toString(), coords);
                    if (trace.val)
                        LOG.trace(String.format("Storing location for '%s': %s", tuple[col_code_idx], coords));
                }
               
                // Code Column -> Id Column
                for (int col_code_idx : code_2_id.keySet()) {
                    assert(tuple[col_code_idx] != null) :
                        String.format("The value of the code column at '%d' is null for %s\n%s",
                                      col_code_idx, tableName, Arrays.toString(tuple));
                    String code = tuple[col_code_idx].toString().trim();
                    if (code.length() > 0) {
                        Column from_column = columns.get(col_code_idx);
                        assert(from_column != null);
                        Column to_column = columns.get(code_2_id.get(col_code_idx));
                        assert(to_column != null) : String.format("Invalid column %s.%s", tableName, code_2_id.get(col_code_idx))
                        long id = (Long)tuple[code_2_id.get(col_code_idx)];
                        if (trace.val) LOG.trace(String.format("Mapping %s '%s' -> %s '%d'", from_column.fullName(), code, to_column.fullName(), id));
                        this.profile.code_id_xref.get(to_column.getName()).put(code, id);
                    }
                } // FOR
               
                // Foreign Key Code -> Foreign Key Id
                for (int col_code_idx : mapping_columns.keySet()) {
                    Column catalog_col = columns.get(col_code_idx);
                    assert(tuple[col_code_idx] != null || catalog_col.getNullable()) :
                        String.format("The code %s column at '%d' is null for %s id=%s\n%s",
                        catalog_col.fullName(), col_code_idx, tableName, tuple[0], Arrays.toString(tuple));
                    if (tuple[col_code_idx] != null) {
                        String code = tuple[col_code_idx].toString();
                        tuple[col_code_idx] = mapping_columns.get(col_code_idx).get(code);
                        if (trace.val) {
                            Column catalog_fkey_col = CatalogUtil.getForeignKeyParent(catalog_col);
                            LOG.trace(String.format("Mapped %s '%s' -> %s '%s'",
                                      catalog_col.fullName(), code, catalog_fkey_col.fullName(), tuple[col_code_idx]));
                        }
                    }
                } // FOR
               
                vt.addRow(tuple);
                if (is_flight) {
                  if (debug.val)
                      LOG.debug(String.format("#1#FlightInfo is adding row...\nVT: %s\nVTFlightINFO:%s",
                                tuple.toString(), vt.toString(), vtFilghtInfo.toString()));
                  Object[] partTuple = new Object[vtFilghtInfo.getColumnCount()];
                  for (int i = 0 ;i < partTuple.length; i++)
                    partTuple[i] = tuple[flightInfoOffsets[i]];
                  vtFilghtInfo.addRow(partTuple);
                }
                if (row_idx > 0 && (row_idx+1) % batch_size == 0) {
                    // if (trace.val) LOG.trace("Storing batch of " + batch_size + " tuples for " + tableName + " [total=" + row_idx + "]");
                    // if (debug) System.out.println(vt.toString());
                    this.loadVoltTable(tableName, vt);
                    vt.clearRowData();
                    if (is_flight) {
                      if (debug.val)
                          LOG.debug(String.format("#1#FlightInfo is adding row...\nVT: %s\nVTFlightINFO:%s",
                                    tuple.toString(), vt.toString(), vtFilghtInfo.toString()));
                      this.loadVoltTable(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FLIGHT_INFO, vtFilghtInfo);
                      vtFilghtInfo.clearRowData();
                    }
                }
                row_idx++;
            } // FOR
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load table " + tableName, ex);
        }
        if (vt.getRowCount() > 0) {
            this.loadVoltTable(tableName, vt);
            if (is_flight)
              this.loadVoltTable(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FLIGHT_INFO, vtFilghtInfo);
        }
        if (is_airport) assert(profile.getAirportCount() == row_idx) :
            String.format("%d != %d", profile.getAirportCount(), row_idx);
       
        // Record the number of tuples that we loaded for various tables in the profile
        if (is_flight) {
            this.profile.num_flights = row_idx;
        }
        else if (is_reservation) {
            this.profile.num_reservations = row_idx;
        }
        else if (is_customer) {
            this.profile.num_customers = row_idx;
        }
       
        LOG.info(String.format("Finished loading all %d tuples for %s [%d / %d]",
                 row_idx, tableName,
                 this.finished.incrementAndGet(), this.num_data_tables));
        if (is_flight) {
            LOG.info(String.format("Finished loading all %d tuples for %s [%d / %d]",
                    row_idx, SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FLIGHT_INFO,
                    this.finished.incrementAndGet(), this.num_data_tables));
        }
       
        return;
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // FIXED-SIZE TABLE DATA GENERATION
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
   
    /**
     *
     * @param catalog_tbl
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    protected Iterable<Object[]> getFixedIterable(Table catalog_tbl) throws Exception {
        File f = SEATSProjectBuilder.getTableDataFile(this.airline_data_dir, catalog_tbl);
        TableDataIterable iterable = new FixedDataIterable(catalog_tbl, f);
        return (iterable);
    }
   
    /**
     * Wrapper around TableDataIterable that will populate additional random fields
     */
    protected class FixedDataIterable extends TableDataIterable {
        private final Set<Integer> rnd_string = new HashSet<Integer>();
        private final Map<Integer, Integer> rnd_string_min = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        private final Map<Integer, Integer> rnd_string_max = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        private final Set<Integer> rnd_integer = new HashSet<Integer>();
       
        public FixedDataIterable(Table catalog_tbl, File filename) throws Exception {
            super(catalog_tbl, filename, true, true);
           
            // Figure out which columns are random integers and strings
            for (Column catalog_col : catalog_tbl.getColumns()) {
                String col_name = catalog_col.getName();
                int col_idx = catalog_col.getIndex();
                if (col_name.contains("_SATTR")) {
                    this.rnd_string.add(col_idx);
                    this.rnd_string_min.put(col_idx, rng.nextInt(catalog_col.getSize()-1));
                    this.rnd_string_max.put(col_idx, catalog_col.getSize());
                } else if (col_name.contains("_IATTR")) {
                    this.rnd_integer.add(catalog_col.getIndex());
                }
            } // FOR
        }
       
        @Override
        public Iterator<Object[]> iterator() {
            // This is nasty old boy!
            return (new TableDataIterable.TableIterator() {
               
                @Override
                public Object[] next() {
                    Object[] tuple = super.next();
                   
                    // Random String (*_SATTR##)
                    for (int col_idx : rnd_string) {
                        int min_length = rnd_string_min.get(col_idx);
                        int max_length = rnd_string_max.get(col_idx);
                        tuple[col_idx] = rng.astring(min_length, max_length);
                    } // FOR
                    // Random Integer (*_IATTR##)
                    for (int col_idx : rnd_integer) {
                        tuple[col_idx] = rng.nextLong();
                    } // FOR

                    return (tuple);
                }
            });
        }
    } // END CLASS

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // SCALING TABLE DATA GENERATION
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
   
    /**
     * Return an iterable that spits out tuples for scaling tables
     * @param catalog_tbl the target table that we need an iterable for
     */
    protected Iterable<Object[]> getScalingIterable(Table catalog_tbl) {
        String name = catalog_tbl.getName();
        ScalingDataIterable it = null;
        double scaleFactor = this.getScaleFactor();
        long num_customers = Math.round(SEATSConstants.CUSTOMERS_COUNT * scaleFactor);
       
        // Customers
        if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_CUSTOMER)) {
            it = new CustomerIterable(catalog_tbl, num_customers);
        }
        // FrequentFlyer
        else if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FREQUENT_FLYER)) {
            it = new FrequentFlyerIterable(catalog_tbl, num_customers);
        }  
        // Airport Distance
        else if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_AIRPORT_DISTANCE)) {
            int max_distance = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // SEATSConstants.DISTANCES[SEATSConstants.DISTANCES.length - 1];
            it = new AirportDistanceIterable(catalog_tbl, max_distance);
        }
        // Flights
        else if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_FLIGHT)) {
            it = new FlightIterable(catalog_tbl,
                    (int)Math.round(SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_DAYS_PAST * scaleFactor),
                    (int)Math.round(SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_DAYS_FUTURE * scaleFactor));
        }
        // Reservations
        else if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(SEATSConstants.TABLENAME_RESERVATION)) {
            long total = Math.round((SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_PER_DAY_MIN + SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_PER_DAY_MAX) / 2d * scaleFactor);
            it = new ReservationIterable(catalog_tbl, total);
        }
        else {
            assert(false) : "Unexpected table '" + name + "' in getScalingIterable()";
        }
        assert(it != null) : "The ScalingIterable for '" + name + "' is null!";
        return (it);
    }

    /**
     * Base Iterable implementation for scaling tables
     * Sub-classes implement the specialValue() method to generate values of a specific
     * type instead of just using the random data generators
     */
    protected abstract class ScalingDataIterable implements Iterable<Object[]> {
        private final Table catalog_tbl;
        private final boolean special[];
        private final Object[] data;
        private final VoltType types[];
        /**
         * The total number of rows that this iterable will create
         */
        protected long total;
        private long last_id = 0;
       
        /**
         * Constructor
         * @param catalog_tbl
         * @param table_file
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public ScalingDataIterable(Table catalog_tbl, long total) {
            this(catalog_tbl, total, new int[0]);
        }
       
        /**
         *
         * @param catalog_tbl
         * @param total
         * @param special_columns - The offsets of the columns that we will invoke specialValue() to get their values
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public ScalingDataIterable(Table catalog_tbl, long total, int special_columns[]) {
            this.catalog_tbl = catalog_tbl;
            this.total = total;
            this.data = new Object[this.catalog_tbl.getColumns().size()];
            this.special = new boolean[this.catalog_tbl.getColumns().size()];
           
            for (int i = 0; i < this.special.length; i++) {
                this.special[i] = false;
            }
            for (int idx : special_columns) {
                this.special[idx] = true;
            }
           
            // Cache the types
            this.types = new VoltType[catalog_tbl.getColumns().size()];
            for (Column catalog_col : catalog_tbl.getColumns()) {
                this.types[catalog_col.getIndex()] = VoltType.get(catalog_col.getType());
            } // FOR
        }
       
        /**
         * Generate a special value for this particular column index
         * @param idx
         * @return
         */
        protected abstract Object specialValue(long id, int column_idx);
       
        /**
         * Simple callback when the ScalingDataIterable is finished
         */
        protected void callbackFinished() {
            // Nothing...
        }
       
        protected boolean hasNext() {
            boolean has_next = (last_id < total);
            if (has_next == false) this.callbackFinished();
            return (has_next);
        }
       
        /**
         * Generate the iterator
         */
        public Iterator<Object[]> iterator() {
            Iterator<Object[]> it = new Iterator<Object[]>() {
                @Override
                public boolean hasNext() {
                    return (ScalingDataIterable.this.hasNext());
                }
               
                @Override
                public Object[] next() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                        Column catalog_col = catalog_tbl.getColumns().get(i);
                        assert(catalog_col != null) : "The column at position " + i + " for " + catalog_tbl + " is null";
                       
                        // Special Value Column
                        if (special[i]) {
                            data[i] = specialValue(last_id, i);

                        // Id column (always first unless overridden in special)
                        } else if (i == 0) {
                            data[i] = new Long(last_id);

                        // Strings
                        } else if (types[i] == VoltType.STRING) {
                            int size = catalog_col.getSize();
                            data[i] = rng.astring(rng.nextInt(size - 1), size);

                        // Timestamps
                        } else if (types[i] == VoltType.TIMESTAMP) {
                            data[i] = new TimestampType();
                       
                        // Ints/Longs
                        } else {
                            data[i] = rng.number(0, 1<<30);
                        }
                    } // FOR
                    last_id++;
                    return (data);
                }
               
                @Override
                public void remove() {
                    // Not Implemented
                }
            };
            return (it);
        }
    } // END CLASS
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // CUSTOMERS
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    protected class CustomerIterable extends ScalingDataIterable {
        private long NEXT_ID = 0;
       
        private final FlatHistogram<String> rand;
        private final RandomDistribution.Flat randBalance;
        private String airport_code = null;
        private Long last_id = null;
       
        public CustomerIterable(Table catalog_tbl, long total) {
            super(catalog_tbl, total, new int[]{ 0, 1, 2, 3 });
           
            // Use the flights per airport histogram to select where people are located
            Histogram<String> histogram = profile.getHistogram(SEATSConstants.HISTOGRAM_FLIGHTS_PER_AIRPORT)
            this.rand = new FlatHistogram<String>(rng, histogram);
            if (debug.val) this.rand.enableHistory();
           
            this.randBalance = new RandomDistribution.Flat(rng, 1000, 10000);
        }
       
        @Override
        protected Object specialValue(long id, int columnIdx) {
            Object value = null;
            switch (columnIdx) {
                // CUSTOMER ID
                case (0): {
                    // HACK: The flights_per_airport histogram may not match up exactly with the airport
                    // data files, so we'll just spin until we get a good one
                    Long airport_id = null;
                    while (airport_id == null) {
                        this.airport_code = this.rand.nextValue();
                        airport_id = profile.getAirportId(this.airport_code);
                    } // WHILE
                    profile.incrementAirportCustomerCount(airport_id);
                    value = this.last_id = NEXT_ID++;
                    if (trace.val)
                        LOG.trace(String.format("%s => %s [%d]",
                                  value, this.airport_code, profile.getCustomerIdCount(airport_id)));
                    break;
                }
                // CUSTOMER ID STR
                case (1): {
                    assert(this.last_id != null);
                    value = String.format(SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_ID_STR, this.last_id);
                    this.last_id = null;
                    break;
                }
                // LOCAL AIRPORT
                case (2): {
                    assert(this.airport_code != null);
                    value = this.airport_code;
                    break;
                }
                // BALANCE
                case (3): {
                    value = (double)this.randBalance.nextInt();
                    break;
                }
                // BAD MOJO!
                default:
                    assert(false) : "Unexpected special column index " + columnIdx;
            } // SWITCH
            return (value);
        }
       
        @Override
        protected void callbackFinished() {
            if (trace.val) {
                Histogram<String> h = this.rand.getHistogramHistory();
                LOG.trace(String.format("Customer Local Airports Histogram [valueCount=%d, sampleCount=%d]\n%s",
                                        h.getValueCount(), h.getSampleCount(), h.toString()));
            }
        }
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // FREQUENT_FLYER
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    protected class FrequentFlyerIterable extends ScalingDataIterable {
        private final short ff_per_customer[];
        private final FlatHistogram<String> airline_rand;
       
        private int last_customer_id = 0;
        private Collection<String> customer_airlines = new HashSet<String>();
       
        public FrequentFlyerIterable(Table catalog_tbl, long num_customers) {
            super(catalog_tbl, num_customers, new int[]{ 0, 1, 2 });
           
            // A customer is more likely to have a FREQUENTY_FLYER account with
            // an airline that has more flights.
            // IMPORTANT: Add one to all of the airlines so that we don't get trapped
            // in an infinite loop
            assert(flights_per_airline.isEmpty() == false);
            flights_per_airline.putAll();
            this.airline_rand = new FlatHistogram<String>(rng, flights_per_airline);
            if (trace.val) this.airline_rand.enableHistory();
            if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Flights Per Airline:\n" + flights_per_airline);
           
            // Loop through for the total customers and figure out how many entries we
            // should have for each one. This will be our new total;
            long max_per_customer = Math.min(Math.round(SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_NUM_FREQUENTFLYERS_MAX * Math.max(1, getScaleFactor())),
                                             flights_per_airline.getValueCount());
            Zipf ff_zipf = new Zipf(rng, SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_NUM_FREQUENTFLYERS_MIN,
                                         max_per_customer,
                                         SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_NUM_FREQUENTFLYERS_SIGMA);
            long new_total = 0;
            if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Num of Customers: " + num_customers);
            this.ff_per_customer = new short[(int)num_customers];
            for (int i = 0; i < num_customers; i++) {
                this.ff_per_customer[i] = (short)ff_zipf.nextInt();
                if (this.ff_per_customer[i] > max_per_customer)
                    this.ff_per_customer[i] = (short)max_per_customer;
                new_total += this.ff_per_customer[i];
            } // FOR
            this.total = new_total;
            if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Constructing " + this.total + " FrequentFlyer tuples...");
        }
       
        @Override
        protected Object specialValue(long id, int columnIdx) {
            Object value = null;
            switch (columnIdx) {
                // CUSTOMER ID
                case (0): {
                    while (this.last_customer_id < this.ff_per_customer.length &&
                           this.ff_per_customer[this.last_customer_id] <= 0) {
                        this.last_customer_id++;
                        this.customer_airlines.clear();
                        if (trace.val)
                            LOG.trace(String.format("NEXT CUSTOMER: %d / %d",
                                      this.last_customer_id, profile.getCustomerIdCount()));
                    } // WHILE
                    this.ff_per_customer[this.last_customer_id]--;
                    value = this.last_customer_id;
                    break;
                }
                // AIRLINE ID
                case (1): {
                    assert(this.customer_airlines.size() < flights_per_airline.getValueCount());
                    do {
                        value = this.airline_rand.nextValue();
                    } while (this.customer_airlines.contains(value));
                    this.customer_airlines.add((String)value);
                    if (trace.val) LOG.trace(this.last_customer_id + " => " + value);
                    break;
                }
                // CUSTOMER_ID_STR
                case (2): {
                    value = String.format(SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_ID_STR, this.last_customer_id);
                    break;
                }
                // BAD MOJO!
                default:
                    assert(false) : "Unexpected special column index " + columnIdx;
            } // SWITCH
            return (value);
        }
       
        @Override
        protected void callbackFinished() {
            if (trace.val) {
                Histogram<String> h = this.airline_rand.getHistogramHistory();
                LOG.trace(String.format("Airline Flights Histogram [valueCount=%d, sampleCount=%d]\n%s",
                                        h.getValueCount(), h.getSampleCount(), h.toString()));
            }
        }
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // AIRPORT_DISTANCE
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    protected class AirportDistanceIterable extends ScalingDataIterable {
        private final int max_distance;
        private final int num_airports;
        private final Collection<String> record_airports;
       
        private int outer_ctr = 0;
        private String outer_airport;
        private Pair<Double, Double> outer_location;
       
        private Integer last_inner_ctr = null;
        private String inner_airport;
        private Pair<Double, Double> inner_location;
        private double distance;
       
        /**
         * Constructor
         * @param catalog_tbl
         * @param max_distance
         */
        public AirportDistanceIterable(Table catalog_tbl, int max_distance) {
            super(catalog_tbl, Long.MAX_VALUE, new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); // total work around ????
            this.max_distance = max_distance;
            this.num_airports = airport_locations.size();
            this.record_airports = profile.getAirportCodes();
        }
       
        /**
         * Find the next two airports that are within our max_distance limit
         * We keep track of where we were in the inner loop using last_inner_ctr
         */
        @Override
        protected boolean hasNext() {
            for ( ; this.outer_ctr < (this.num_airports - 1); this.outer_ctr++) {
                this.outer_airport = airport_locations.get(this.outer_ctr);
                this.outer_location = airport_locations.getValue(this.outer_ctr);
                if (profile.hasFlights(this.outer_airport) == false) continue;
               
                int inner_ctr = (this.last_inner_ctr != null ? this.last_inner_ctr : this.outer_ctr + 1);
                this.last_inner_ctr = null;
                for ( ; inner_ctr < this.num_airports; inner_ctr++) {
                    assert(this.outer_ctr != inner_ctr);
                    this.inner_airport = airport_locations.get(inner_ctr);
                    this.inner_location = airport_locations.getValue(inner_ctr);
                    if (profile.hasFlights(this.inner_airport) == false) continue;
                    this.distance = DistanceUtil.distance(this.outer_location, this.inner_location);

                    // Store the distance between the airports locally if either one is in our
                    // flights-per-airport data set
                    if (this.record_airports.contains(this.outer_airport) &&
                        this.record_airports.contains(this.inner_airport)) {
                        SEATSLoader.this.setDistance(this.outer_airport, this.inner_airport, this.distance);
                    }

                    // Stop here if these two airports are within range
                    if (this.distance > 0 && this.distance <= this.max_distance) {
                        // System.err.println(this.outer_airport + "->" + this.inner_airport + ": " + distance);
                        this.last_inner_ctr = inner_ctr + 1;
                        return (true);
                    }
                } // FOR
            } // FOR
            return (false);
        }
       
        @Override
        protected Object specialValue(long id, int columnIdx) {
            Object value = null;
            switch (columnIdx) {
                // OUTER AIRPORT
                case (0):
                    value = this.outer_airport;
                    break;
                // INNER AIRPORT
                case (1):
                    value = this.inner_airport;
                    break;
                // DISTANCE
                case (2):
                    value = this.distance;
                    break;
                // BAD MOJO!
                default:
                    assert(false) : "Unexpected special column index " + columnIdx;
            } // SWITCH
            return (value);
        }
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // FLIGHTS
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    protected class FlightIterable extends ScalingDataIterable {
        private long NEXT_FLIGHT_ID = 0;
       
        private final FlatHistogram<String> airlines;
        private final FlatHistogram<String> airports;
        private final Map<String, FlatHistogram<String>> flights_per_airport = new HashMap<String, FlatHistogram<String>>();
        private final FlatHistogram<String> flight_times;
        private final Flat prices;
       
        // private final Set<FlightId> todays_flights = new HashSet<FlightId>();
        private final Set<Long> todays_flights = new HashSet<Long>();
        private final ListOrderedMap<TimestampType, Integer> flights_per_day = new ListOrderedMap<TimestampType, Integer>();
       
        private int day_idx = 0;
        private TimestampType today;
        private TimestampType start_date;
       
        // private FlightId flight_id;
        private long flight_id;
        private FlightInfo flightInfo;
       
        public FlightIterable(Table catalog_tbl, int days_past, int days_future) {
            super(catalog_tbl, Long.MAX_VALUE, new int[]{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 });
            assert(days_past >= 0);
            assert(days_future >= 0);
           
            this.prices = new Flat(rng,
                    SEATSConstants.RESERVATION_PRICE_MIN,
                    SEATSConstants.RESERVATION_PRICE_MAX);
           
            // Flights per Airline
            Collection<String> all_airlines = profile.getAirlineCodes();
            Histogram<String> histogram = new ObjectHistogram<String>();
            histogram.put(all_airlines);
           
            // Embed a Gaussian distribution
            Gaussian gauss_rng = new Gaussian(rng, 0, all_airlines.size());
            this.airlines = new FlatHistogram<String>(gauss_rng, histogram);
           
            // Flights Per Airport
            histogram = profile.getHistogram(SEATSConstants.HISTOGRAM_FLIGHTS_PER_AIRPORT)
            this.airports = new FlatHistogram<String>(rng, histogram);
            for (String airport_code : histogram.values()) {
                histogram = profile.getFightsPerAirportHistogram(airport_code);
                assert(histogram != null) : "Unexpected departure airport code '" + airport_code + "'";
                this.flights_per_airport.put(airport_code, new FlatHistogram<String>(rng, histogram));
            } // FOR
           
            // Flights Per Departure Time
            histogram = profile.getHistogram(SEATSConstants.HISTOGRAM_FLIGHTS_PER_DEPART_TIMES)
            this.flight_times = new FlatHistogram<String>(rng, histogram);
           
            // Figure out how many flights that we want for each day
            this.today = new TimestampType();
           
            // Sometimes there are more flights per day, and sometimes there are fewer
            int flightsPerDayMin = (int)Math.round(SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_PER_DAY_MIN * getScaleFactor());
            int flightsPerDayMax = (int)Math.round(SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_PER_DAY_MAX * getScaleFactor());
            Gaussian gaussian = new Gaussian(rng, flightsPerDayMin, flightsPerDayMax);
           
            this.total = 0;
            boolean first = true;
            for (long t = this.today.getTime() - (days_past * SEATSConstants.MICROSECONDS_PER_DAY);
                 t < this.today.getTime(); t += SEATSConstants.MICROSECONDS_PER_DAY) {
                TimestampType timestamp = new TimestampType(t);
                if (first) {
                    this.start_date = timestamp;
                    first = false;
                }
                int num_flights = gaussian.nextInt();
                this.flights_per_day.put(timestamp, num_flights);
                this.total += num_flights;
            } // FOR
            if (this.start_date == null) this.start_date = this.today;
            profile.setFlightStartDate(this.start_date);
           
            // This is for upcoming flights that we want to be able to schedule
            // new reservations for in the benchmark
            profile.setFlightUpcomingDate(this.today);
            for (long t = this.today.getTime(), last_date = this.today.getTime() + (days_future * SEATSConstants.MICROSECONDS_PER_DAY);
                 t <= last_date; t += SEATSConstants.MICROSECONDS_PER_DAY) {
                TimestampType timestamp = new TimestampType(t);
                int num_flights = gaussian.nextInt();
                this.flights_per_day.put(timestamp, num_flights);
                this.total += num_flights;
            } // FOR
           
            // Update profile
            profile.setFlightPastDays(days_past);
            profile.setFlightFutureDays(days_future);
        }
       
        /**
         * Convert a time string "HH:MM" to a TimestampType object
         * @param code
         * @return
         */
        private TimestampType convertTimeString(TimestampType base_date, String code) {
            Matcher m = SEATSConstants.TIMECODE_PATTERN.matcher(code);
            boolean result = m.find();
            assert(result) : "Invalid time code '" + code + "'";
           
            int hour = -1;
            try {
                hour = Integer.valueOf(m.group(1));
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Invalid HOUR in time code '" + code + "'", ex);
            }
            assert(hour != -1);
           
            int minute = -1;
            try {
                minute = Integer.valueOf(m.group(2));
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Invalid MINUTE in time code '" + code + "'", ex);
            }
            assert(minute != -1);
           
            long offset = (hour * 60 * SEATSConstants.MICROSECONDS_PER_MINUTE) + (minute * SEATSConstants.MICROSECONDS_PER_MINUTE);
            return (new TimestampType(base_date.getTime() + offset));
        }
       
        /**
         * Select all the data elements for the current tuple
         * @param date
         */
        private FlightInfo populate(long flight_id, TimestampType date) {
            FlightInfo flightInfo = new FlightInfo();
           
            // Depart/Arrive Airports
            String airport_code = this.airports.nextValue();
            flightInfo.depart_airport = airport_code;
            flightInfo.arrive_airport = this.flights_per_airport.get(airport_code).nextValue();
            if (trace.val)
                LOG.trace(String.format("DEPART:%d / ARRIVE:%d",
                          flightInfo.depart_airport, flightInfo.arrive_airport));

            // Depart/Arrive Times
            flightInfo.depart_time = this.convertTimeString(date, this.flight_times.nextValue());
            flightInfo.arrive_time = SEATSLoader.this.calculateArrivalTime(flightInfo.depart_airport,
                                                                           flightInfo.arrive_airport,
                                                                           flightInfo.depart_time);

            // Airline
            flightInfo.airline_code = this.airlines.nextValue();
            // flightInfo.airline_id = profile.getAirlineId(flightInfo.airline_code);
           
            this.flights_per_day.put(date, this.flights_per_day.get(date) - 1);
            SEATSLoader.this.flight_infos.put(flight_id, flightInfo);
           
            return (flightInfo);
        }
       
        /**
         * Returns true if this seat is occupied (which means we must generate a reservation)
         */
        boolean seatIsOccupied() {
            return (rng.nextInt(100) < SEATSConstants.PROB_SEAT_OCCUPIED);
        }
       
        @Override
        protected Object specialValue(long id, int columnIdx) {
            Object value = null;
            switch (columnIdx) {
                // FLIGHT ID
                case (0): {
                    // Figure out what date we are currently on
                    Integer remaining = null;
                    TimestampType date;
                    do {
                        // Move to the next day.
                        // Make sure that we reset the set of FlightIds that we've used for today
                        if (remaining != null) {
                            this.todays_flights.clear();
                            this.day_idx++;
                        }
                        date = this.flights_per_day.get(this.day_idx);
                        remaining = this.flights_per_day.getValue(this.day_idx);
                    } while (remaining <= 0 && this.day_idx + 1 < this.flights_per_day.size());
                    assert(date != null);
                   
                    value = this.flight_id = NEXT_FLIGHT_ID++;
                    this.flightInfo = this.populate(this.flight_id, date);
                    this.todays_flights.add(this.flight_id);
                    break;
                }
                // AIRLINE ID
                case (1): {
                    value = this.flightInfo.airline_code;
                    flights_per_airline.put(this.flightInfo.airline_code);
                    break;
                }
                // DEPART AIRPORT
                case (2): {
                    value = this.flightInfo.depart_airport;
                    if (trace.val)
                        LOG.trace("Flight=" + this.flight_id + " / DEPART:" + this.flightInfo.depart_airport);
                    break;
                }
                // DEPART TIME
                case (3): {
                    value = this.flightInfo.depart_time;
                    break;
                }
                // ARRIVE AIRPORT
                case (4): {
                    value = this.flightInfo.arrive_airport;
                    if (trace.val)
                        LOG.trace("Flight=" + this.flight_id + " / ARRIVE:" + this.flightInfo.arrive_airport);
                    break;
                }
                // ARRIVE TIME
                case (5): {
                    value = this.flightInfo.arrive_time;
                    break;
                }
                // BASE PRICE
                case (6): {
                    value = (double)this.prices.nextInt();
                    break;
                }
                // SEATS TOTAL
                case (7): {
                    value = SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_NUM_SEATS;
                    break;
                }
                // SEATS REMAINING
                case (8): {
                    // We have to figure this out ahead of time since we need to populate the tuple now
                    for (int seatnum = 0; seatnum < SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_NUM_SEATS; seatnum++) {
                        if (!this.seatIsOccupied()) continue;
                        this.flightInfo.decrementFlightSeat();
                    } // FOR
                    value = this.flightInfo.seats_remaining;
                    if (trace.val) LOG.trace(this.flight_id + " SEATS REMAINING: " + value);
                    break;
                }
                // BAD MOJO!
                default:
                    assert(false) : "Unexpected special column index " + columnIdx;
            } // SWITCH
            return (value);
        }
    }
   
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // RESERVATIONS
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    protected class ReservationIterable extends ScalingDataIterable {
        private final RandomDistribution.Flat prices = new RandomDistribution.Flat(rng, SEATSConstants.RESERVATION_PRICE_MIN, SEATSConstants.RESERVATION_PRICE_MAX);
       
        /**
         * For each airport id, store a list of ReturnFlight objects that represent customers
         * that need return flights back to their home airport
         * ArriveAirportId -> ReturnFlights
         */
        private final Map<Long, TreeSet<ReturnFlight>> airport_returns = new HashMap<Long, TreeSet<ReturnFlight>>();
       
        /**
         * When this flag is true, then the data generation thread is finished
         */
        private boolean done = false;
       
        /**
         * We use a Gaussian distribution for determining how long a customer will stay at their
         * destination before needing to return to their original airport
         */
        private final Gaussian rand_returns = new Gaussian(rng, SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_RETURN_FLIGHT_DAYS_MIN,
                                                                SEATSConstants.CUSTOMER_RETURN_FLIGHT_DAYS_MAX);
       
        private final LinkedBlockingDeque<Reservation> queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<Reservation>(100);
        private Reservation current = null;
        private Throwable error = null;
       
        /**
         * Constructor
         * @param catalog_tbl
         * @param total
         */
        public ReservationIterable(Table catalog_tbl, long total) {
            // Special Columns: R_C_ID, R_F_ID, R_F_AL_ID, R_SEAT, R_PRICE
            super(catalog_tbl, total, new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 });
           
            for (long airport_id : profile.getAirportIds()) {
                // Return Flights per airport
                this.airport_returns.put(airport_id, new TreeSet<ReturnFlight>());
            } // FOR
           
            // Data Generation Thread
            // Ok, hang on tight. We are going to fork off a separate thread to generate our
            // tuples because it's easier than trying to pick up where we left off every time
            // That means that when hasNext() is called, it will block and poke this thread to start
            // running. Once this thread has generate a new tuple, it will block itself and then
            // poke the hasNext() thread. This is sort of like a hacky version of Python's yield
            new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        ReservationIterable.this.generateData();
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
//                        System.err.println("Airport Customers:\n" + getAirportCustomerHistogram());
                        ReservationIterable.this.error = ex;
                    } finally {
                        if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Reservation generation thread is finished");
                        ReservationIterable.this.done = true;
                    }
                } // run
            }.start();
        }
       
        private void generateData() throws Exception {
            if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Reservation data generation thread started");
           
            Collection<Long> flight_customer_ids = new HashSet<Long>();
            Collection<ReturnFlight> returning_customers = new ListOrderedSet<ReturnFlight>();
           
            // Loop through the flights and generate reservations
            for (long flight_id = 0, cnt = profile.num_flights; flight_id < cnt; flight_id++) {
                FlightInfo flightInfo = SEATSLoader.this.flight_infos.remove(flight_id);
                String depart_airport = flightInfo.depart_airport;
                String arrive_airport = flightInfo.arrive_airport;
                TimestampType depart_time = flightInfo.depart_time;
                TimestampType arrive_time = flightInfo.arrive_time;
                flight_customer_ids.clear();
               
                // For each flight figure out which customers are returning
                this.getReturningCustomers(returning_customers, flightInfo);
                int booked_seats = SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_NUM_SEATS - Math.max(SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_RESERVED_SEATS,
                                                                               flightInfo.seats_remaining);

                if (trace.val) {
                    Map<String, Object> m = new ListOrderedMap<String, Object>();
                    m.put("Flight Id", flight_id);
                    m.put("Departure", String.format("%s / %s", depart_airport, depart_time));
                    m.put("Arrival", String.format("%s / %s", arrive_airport, arrive_time));
                    m.put("Booked Seats", booked_seats);
                    m.put(String.format("Returning Customers[%d]", returning_customers.size()), StringUtil.join("\n", returning_customers));
                    LOG.trace("Flight Information\n" + StringUtil.formatMaps(m));
                }
               
                for (int seatnum = SEATSConstants.FLIGHTS_RESERVED_SEATS; seatnum < booked_seats; seatnum++) {
                    Long customer_id = null;
                    Long airport_customer_cnt = profile.getCustomerIdCount(profile.getAirportId(depart_airport));
                    boolean local_customer = airport_customer_cnt != null && (flight_customer_ids.size() < airport_customer_cnt.intValue());
                    int tries = 2000;
                    ReturnFlight return_flight = null;
                    while (tries > 0) {
                        return_flight = null;
                       
                        // Always book returning customers first
                        if (returning_customers.isEmpty() == false) {
                            return_flight = CollectionUtil.pop(returning_customers);
                            customer_id = return_flight.getCustomerId();
                        }
                        // New Outbound Reservation
                        // Prefer to use a customer based out of the local airport
                        else if (local_customer) {
                            customer_id = profile.getRandomCustomerId(); // depart_airport_id
                        }
                        // New Outbound Reservation
                        // We'll take anybody!
                        else {
                            customer_id = profile.getRandomCustomerId();
                        }
                        if (flight_customer_ids.contains(customer_id) == false) break;
                        tries--;
                    } // WHILE
                    assert(tries > 0) : String.format("Safety check! [local=%s]", local_customer);

                    // If this is return flight, then there's nothing extra that we need to do
                    if (return_flight != null) {
                        if (trace.val) LOG.trace("Booked return flight: " + return_flight + " [remaining=" + returning_customers.size() + "]");
                   
                    // If it's a new outbound flight, then we will randomly decide when this customer will return (if at all)
                    } else {
                        if (rng.nextInt(100) < SEATSConstants.PROB_SINGLE_FLIGHT_RESERVATION) {
                            // Do nothing for now...
                           
                        // Create a ReturnFlight object to record that this customer needs a flight
                        // back to their original depart airport
                        } else {
                            int return_days = rand_returns.nextInt();
                            return_flight = new ReturnFlight(customer_id, profile.getAirportId(depart_airport), depart_time, return_days);
                            this.airport_returns.get(arrive_airport).add(return_flight);
                        }
                    }
                    assert(customer_id != null) : "Null customer id on " + flight_id;
                    assert(flight_customer_ids.contains(customer_id) == false) : flight_id + " already contains " + customer_id;
                    flight_customer_ids.add(customer_id);
                   
                    if (trace.val)
                        LOG.trace(String.format("New reservation ready. Adding to queue! [queueSize=%d]",
                                  this.queue.size()));
                    Reservation r = new Reservation(1001, flight_id, customer_id, seatnum); // id doesn't matter
                    this.queue.put(r);
                } // FOR (seats)
               
            } // FOR (flights)
            if (debug.val) LOG.debug("Reservation data generation thread is finished");
        }
       
        /**
         * Return a list of the customers that need to return to their original
         * location on this particular flight.
         * @param flight_id
         * @return
         */
        private void getReturningCustomers(Collection<ReturnFlight> returning_customers, FlightInfo flightInfo) {
            TimestampType flight_date = flightInfo.depart_time;
            returning_customers.clear();
            Set<ReturnFlight> returns = this.airport_returns.get(flightInfo.depart_airport);
            if (!returns.isEmpty()) {
                for (ReturnFlight return_flight : returns) {
                    if (return_flight.getReturnDate().compareTo(flight_date) > 0) break;
                    if (return_flight.getReturnAirportId() == profile.getAirportId(flightInfo.arrive_airport)) {
                        returning_customers.add(return_flight);
                    }
                } // FOR
                if (!returning_customers.isEmpty()) returns.removeAll(returning_customers);
            }
        }
       
        @Override
        protected boolean hasNext() {
            if (trace.val) LOG.trace("hasNext() called");
            this.current = null;
            while (this.done == false || this.queue.isEmpty() == false) {
                if (this.error != null)
                    throw new RuntimeException("Failed to generate Reservation records", this.error);
               
                try {
                    this.current = this.queue.poll(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected interruption!", ex);
                }
                if (this.current != null) return (true);
                if (trace.val) LOG.trace("There were no new reservations. Let's try again!");
            } // WHILE
            return (false);
        }
       
        @Override
        protected Object specialValue(long id, int columnIdx) {
            assert(this.current != null);
            Object value = null;
            switch (columnIdx) {
                // CUSTOMER ID
                case (1): {
                    value = this.current.customer_id;
                    break;
                }
                // FLIGHT ID
                case (2): {
                    value = this.current.flight_id;
//                    if (profile.getReservationUpcomingOffset() == null &&
//                        flight_id.isUpcoming(profile.getFlightStartDate(), profile.getFlightPastDays())) {
//                        profile.setReservationUpcomingOffset(id);
//                    }
                    break;
                }
                // SEAT
                case (3): {
                    value = this.current.seatnum;
                    break;
                }
                // PRICE
                case (4): {
                    value = (double)this.prices.nextInt();
                    break;
                }
                // BAD MOJO!
                default:
                    assert(false) : "Unexpected special column index " + columnIdx;
            } // SWITCH
            return (value);
        }
    } // END CLASS
   
   
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
    // FLIGHT IDS
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
   
//    public Iterable<FlightId> getFlightIds() {
//        return (new Iterable<FlightId>() {
//            @Override
//            public Iterator<FlightId> iterator() {
//                return (new Iterator<FlightId>() {
//                    private int idx = 0;
//                    private final int cnt = seats_remaining.size();
//                   
//                    @Override
//                    public boolean hasNext() {
//                        return (idx < this.cnt);
//                    }
//                    @Override
//                    public FlightId next() {
//                        return (seats_remaining.get(this.idx++));
//                    }
//                    @Override
//                    public void remove() {
//                        // Not implemented
//                    }
//                });
//            }
//        });
//    }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // DISTANCE METHODS
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
   
    public void setDistance(String airport0, String airport1, double distance) {
        short short_distance = (short)Math.round(distance);
        for (String a[] : new String[][] { {airport0, airport1}, { airport1, airport0 }}) {
            if (!this.airport_distances.containsKey(a[0])) {
                this.airport_distances.put(a[0], new HashMap<String, Short>());
            }
            this.airport_distances.get(a[0]).put(a[1], short_distance);
        } // FOR
    }
   
    public Integer getDistance(String airport0, String airport1) {
        assert(this.airport_distances.containsKey(airport0)) : "No distance entries for '" + airport0 + "'";
        assert(this.airport_distances.get(airport0).containsKey(airport1)) : "No distance entries from '" + airport0 + "' to '" + airport1 + "'";
        return ((int)this.airport_distances.get(airport0).get(airport1));
    }

    /**
     * For the current depart+arrive airport destinations, calculate the estimated
     * flight time and then add the to the departure time in order to come up with the
     * expected arrival time.
     * @param depart_airport
     * @param arrive_airport
     * @param depart_time
     * @return
     */
    public TimestampType calculateArrivalTime(String depart_airport, String arrive_airport, TimestampType depart_time) {
        Integer distance = this.getDistance(depart_airport, arrive_airport);
        assert(distance != null) :
            String.format("The calculated distance between '%s' and '%s' is null",
                          depart_airport, arrive_airport);
        long flight_time = Math.round(distance / SEATSConstants.FLIGHT_TRAVEL_RATE) * 3600000000l; // 60 sec * 60 min * 1,000,000
        return (new TimestampType(depart_time.getTime() + flight_time));
    }
}
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