Package org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches

Source Code of org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.ZooKeeper

/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.ACLCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.Children2Callback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.ChildrenCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.DataCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.StringCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.AsyncCallback.VoidCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.common.PathUtils;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.data.ACL;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.data.Stat;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.CreateRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.CreateResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.DeleteRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.ExistsRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetACLRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetACLResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetChildren2Request;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetChildren2Response;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetChildrenRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetChildrenResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetDataRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.GetDataResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.ReplyHeader;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.RequestHeader;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.SetACLRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.SetACLResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.SetDataRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.SetDataResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.SyncRequest;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.proto.SyncResponse;
import org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.server.DataTree;
import org.voltcore.logging.VoltLogger;
import org.voltdb.VoltDB;

import com.google_voltpatches.common.collect.ImmutableSet;

/**
* This is the main class of ZooKeeper client library. To use a ZooKeeper
* service, an application must first instantiate an object of ZooKeeper class.
* All the iterations will be done by calling the methods of ZooKeeper class.
* The methods of this class are thread-safe unless otherwise noted.
* <p>
* Once a connection to a server is established, a session ID is assigned to the
* client. The client will send heart beats to the server periodically to keep
* the session valid.
* <p>
* The application can call ZooKeeper APIs through a client as long as the
* session ID of the client remains valid.
* <p>
* If for some reason, the client fails to send heart beats to the server for a
* prolonged period of time (exceeding the sessionTimeout value, for instance),
* the server will expire the session, and the session ID will become invalid.
* The client object will no longer be usable. To make ZooKeeper API calls, the
* application must create a new client object.
* <p>
* If the ZooKeeper server the client currently connects to fails or otherwise
* does not respond, the client will automatically try to connect to another
* server before its session ID expires. If successful, the application can
* continue to use the client.
* <p>
* Some successful ZooKeeper API calls can leave watches on the "data nodes" in
* the ZooKeeper server. Other successful ZooKeeper API calls can trigger those
* watches. Once a watch is triggered, an event will be delivered to the client
* which left the watch at the first place. Each watch can be triggered only
* once. Thus, up to one event will be delivered to a client for every watch it
* leaves.
* <p>
* A client needs an object of a class implementing Watcher interface for
* processing the events delivered to the client.
*
* When a client drops current connection and re-connects to a server, all the
* existing watches are considered as being triggered but the undelivered events
* are lost. To emulate this, the client will generate a special event to tell
* the event handler a connection has been dropped. This special event has type
* EventNone and state sKeeperStateDisconnected.
*
*/
public class ZooKeeper {
    private static final VoltLogger LOG;

    static {
        LOG = new VoltLogger("ZK-SERVER");
        //Environment.logEnv("Client environment:", LOG);
    }

    private final ZKWatchManager watchManager = new ZKWatchManager();
    private final Set<Long> verbotenThreads;
    List<String> getDataWatches() {
        List<String> rc = new ArrayList<String>(
                watchManager.dataWatches.keySet());
        return rc;
    }

    List<String> getExistWatches() {
        List<String> rc = new ArrayList<String>(
                watchManager.existWatches.keySet());
        return rc;
    }

    List<String> getChildWatches() {
        List<String> rc = new ArrayList<String>(
                watchManager.childWatches.keySet());
        return rc;
    }

    /**
     * Manage watchers & handle events generated by the ClientCnxn object.
     *
     * We are implementing this as a nested class of ZooKeeper so that the
     * public methods will not be exposed as part of the ZooKeeper client API.
     */
    private static class ZKWatchManager implements ClientWatchManager {
        private final Map<String, Set<Watcher>> dataWatches = new HashMap<String, Set<Watcher>>();
        private final Map<String, Set<Watcher>> existWatches = new HashMap<String, Set<Watcher>>();
        private final Map<String, Set<Watcher>> childWatches = new HashMap<String, Set<Watcher>>();

        private volatile Watcher defaultWatcher;

        final private void addTo(Set<Watcher> from, Set<Watcher> to) {
            if (from != null) {
                to.addAll(from);
            }
        }

        /*
         * (non-Javadoc)
         *
         * @see
         * org.apache.zookeeper.ClientWatchManager#materialize(Event.KeeperState
         * , Event.EventType, java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        public Set<Watcher> materialize(Watcher.Event.KeeperState state,
                Watcher.Event.EventType type, String clientPath) {
            Set<Watcher> result = new HashSet<Watcher>();

            switch (type) {
            case None:
                result.add(defaultWatcher);
                for (Set<Watcher> ws : dataWatches.values()) {
                    result.addAll(ws);
                }
                for (Set<Watcher> ws : existWatches.values()) {
                    result.addAll(ws);
                }
                for (Set<Watcher> ws : childWatches.values()) {
                    result.addAll(ws);
                }

                // clear the watches if auto watch reset is not enabled
                if (ClientCnxn.getDisableAutoResetWatch()
                        && state != Watcher.Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
                    synchronized (dataWatches) {
                        dataWatches.clear();
                    }
                    synchronized (existWatches) {
                        existWatches.clear();
                    }
                    synchronized (childWatches) {
                        childWatches.clear();
                    }
                }

                return result;
            case NodeDataChanged:
            case NodeCreated:
                synchronized (dataWatches) {
                    addTo(dataWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                }
                synchronized (existWatches) {
                    addTo(existWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                }
                break;
            case NodeChildrenChanged:
                synchronized (childWatches) {
                    addTo(childWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                }
                break;
            case NodeDeleted:
                synchronized (dataWatches) {
                    addTo(dataWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                }
                // XXX This shouldn't be needed, but just in case
                synchronized (existWatches) {
                    Set<Watcher> list = existWatches.remove(clientPath);
                    if (list != null) {
                        addTo(existWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                        LOG.warn("We are triggering an exists watch for delete! Shouldn't happen!");
                    }
                }
                synchronized (childWatches) {
                    addTo(childWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                }
                break;
            default:
                String msg = "Unhandled watch event type " + type
                        + " with state " + state + " on path " + clientPath;
                LOG.error(msg);
                throw new RuntimeException(msg);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a watcher for a particular path.
     */
    abstract class WatchRegistration {
        private final Watcher watcher;
        private final String clientPath;

        public WatchRegistration(Watcher watcher, String clientPath) {
            this.watcher = watcher;
            this.clientPath = clientPath;
        }

        abstract protected Map<String, Set<Watcher>> getWatches(int rc);

        /**
         * Register the watcher with the set of watches on path.
         *
         * @param rc
         *            the result code of the operation that attempted to add the
         *            watch on the path.
         */
        public void register(int rc) {
            if (shouldAddWatch(rc)) {
                Map<String, Set<Watcher>> watches = getWatches(rc);
                synchronized (watches) {
                    Set<Watcher> watchers = watches.get(clientPath);
                    if (watchers == null) {
                        watchers = new HashSet<Watcher>();
                        watches.put(clientPath, watchers);
                    }
                    watchers.add(watcher);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Determine whether the watch should be added based on return code.
         *
         * @param rc
         *            the result code of the operation that attempted to add the
         *            watch on the node
         * @return true if the watch should be added, otw false
         */
        protected boolean shouldAddWatch(int rc) {
            return rc == 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Handle the special case of exists watches - they add a watcher even in
     * the case where NONODE result code is returned.
     */
    class ExistsWatchRegistration extends WatchRegistration {
        public ExistsWatchRegistration(Watcher watcher, String clientPath) {
            super(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        @Override
        protected Map<String, Set<Watcher>> getWatches(int rc) {
            return rc == 0 ? watchManager.dataWatches
                    : watchManager.existWatches;
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean shouldAddWatch(int rc) {
            return rc == 0 || rc == KeeperException.Code.NONODE.intValue();
        }
    }

    class DataWatchRegistration extends WatchRegistration {
        public DataWatchRegistration(Watcher watcher, String clientPath) {
            super(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        @Override
        protected Map<String, Set<Watcher>> getWatches(int rc) {
            return watchManager.dataWatches;
        }
    }

    class ChildWatchRegistration extends WatchRegistration {
        public ChildWatchRegistration(Watcher watcher, String clientPath) {
            super(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        @Override
        protected Map<String, Set<Watcher>> getWatches(int rc) {
            return watchManager.childWatches;
        }
    }

    public enum States {
        CONNECTING, ASSOCIATING, CONNECTED, CLOSED, AUTH_FAILED;

        public boolean isAlive() {
            return this != CLOSED && this != AUTH_FAILED;
        }
    }

    volatile States state;

    protected final ClientCnxn cnxn;

    /**
     * To create a ZooKeeper client object, the application needs to pass a
     * connection string containing a comma separated list of host:port pairs,
     * each corresponding to a ZooKeeper server.
     * <p>
     * Session establishment is asynchronous. This constructor will initiate
     * connection to the server and return immediately - potentially (usually)
     * before the session is fully established. The watcher argument specifies
     * the watcher that will be notified of any changes in state. This
     * notification can come at any point before or after the constructor call
     * has returned.
     * <p>
     * The instantiated ZooKeeper client object will pick an arbitrary server
     * from the connectString and attempt to connect to it. If establishment of
     * the connection fails, another server in the connect string will be tried
     * (the order is non-deterministic, as we random shuffle the list), until a
     * connection is established. The client will continue attempts until the
     * session is explicitly closed.
     * <p>
     * Added in 3.2.0: An optional "chroot" suffix may also be appended to the
     * connection string. This will run the client commands while interpreting
     * all paths relative to this root (similar to the unix chroot command).
     *
     * @param connectString
     *            comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
     *            server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002" If
     *            the optional chroot suffix is used the example would look
     *            like: "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002/app/a"
     *            where the client would be rooted at "/app/a" and all paths
     *            would be relative to this root - ie getting/setting/etc...
     *            "/foo/bar" would result in operations being run on
     *            "/app/a/foo/bar" (from the server perspective).
     * @param sessionTimeout
     *            session timeout in milliseconds
     * @param watcher
     *            a watcher object which will be notified of state changes, may
     *            also be notified for node events
     * @param verbotenThreads Threads that will cause a failure if they attempt to use ZK
     *
     * @throws IOException
     *             in cases of network failure
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid chroot path is specified
     */
    public ZooKeeper(String connectString, int sessionTimeout, Watcher watcher, Set<Long> verbotenThreads)
            throws IOException {
        LOG.info("Initiating client connection, connectString=" + connectString
                + " sessionTimeout=" + sessionTimeout + " watcher=" + watcher);
        watchManager.defaultWatcher = watcher;
        cnxn = new ClientCnxn(connectString, sessionTimeout, this, watchManager, verbotenThreads);
        cnxn.start();
        verbotenThreads.add(cnxn.eventThread.getId());
        verbotenThreads.add(cnxn.sendThread.getId());
        this.verbotenThreads = verbotenThreads;
    }

    private void verbotenThreadCheck() {
        if (verbotenThreads.contains(Thread.currentThread().getId())) {
            VoltDB.crashLocalVoltDB("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " attempted to use ZK", true, null);
        }
    }

    /**
     * To create a ZooKeeper client object, the application needs to pass a
     * connection string containing a comma separated list of host:port pairs,
     * each corresponding to a ZooKeeper server.
     * <p>
     * Session establishment is asynchronous. This constructor will initiate
     * connection to the server and return immediately - potentially (usually)
     * before the session is fully established. The watcher argument specifies
     * the watcher that will be notified of any changes in state. This
     * notification can come at any point before or after the constructor call
     * has returned.
     * <p>
     * The instantiated ZooKeeper client object will pick an arbitrary server
     * from the connectString and attempt to connect to it. If establishment of
     * the connection fails, another server in the connect string will be tried
     * (the order is non-deterministic, as we random shuffle the list), until a
     * connection is established. The client will continue attempts until the
     * session is explicitly closed (or the session is expired by the server).
     * <p>
     * Added in 3.2.0: An optional "chroot" suffix may also be appended to the
     * connection string. This will run the client commands while interpreting
     * all paths relative to this root (similar to the unix chroot command).
     * <p>
     * Use {@link #getSessionId} and {@link #getSessionPasswd} on an established
     * client connection, these values must be passed as sessionId and
     * sessionPasswd respectively if reconnecting. Otherwise, if not
     * reconnecting, use the other constructor which does not require these
     * parameters.
     *
     * @param connectString
     *            comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
     *            server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002" If
     *            the optional chroot suffix is used the example would look
     *            like: "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002/app/a"
     *            where the client would be rooted at "/app/a" and all paths
     *            would be relative to this root - ie getting/setting/etc...
     *            "/foo/bar" would result in operations being run on
     *            "/app/a/foo/bar" (from the server perspective).
     * @param sessionTimeout
     *            session timeout in milliseconds
     * @param watcher
     *            a watcher object which will be notified of state changes, may
     *            also be notified for node events
     * @param sessionId
     *            specific session id to use if reconnecting
     * @param sessionPasswd
     *            password for this session
     *
     * @throws IOException
     *             in cases of network failure
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid chroot path is specified
     */
    public ZooKeeper(String connectString, int sessionTimeout, Watcher watcher, Set<Long> verbotenThreads,
            long sessionId, byte[] sessionPasswd) throws IOException {
        LOG.info("Initiating client connection, connectString=" + connectString
                + " sessionTimeout=" + sessionTimeout + " watcher=" + watcher
                + " sessionId=" + sessionId + " sessionPasswd="
                + (sessionPasswd == null ? "<null>" : "<hidden>"));
        this.verbotenThreads = verbotenThreads;
        watchManager.defaultWatcher = watcher;
        cnxn = new ClientCnxn(connectString, sessionTimeout, this,
                watchManager, verbotenThreads, sessionId, sessionPasswd);
        cnxn.start();
    }

    /**
     * The session id for this ZooKeeper client instance. The value returned is
     * not valid until the client connects to a server and may change after a
     * re-connect.
     *
     * This method is NOT thread safe
     *
     * @return current session id
     */
    public long getSessionId() {
        return cnxn.getSessionId();
    }

    /**
     * The session password for this ZooKeeper client instance. The value
     * returned is not valid until the client connects to a server and may
     * change after a re-connect.
     *
     * This method is NOT thread safe
     *
     * @return current session password
     */
    public byte[] getSessionPasswd() {
        return cnxn.getSessionPasswd();
    }

    /**
     * The negotiated session timeout for this ZooKeeper client instance. The
     * value returned is not valid until the client connects to a server and may
     * change after a re-connect.
     *
     * This method is NOT thread safe
     *
     * @return current session timeout
     */
    public int getSessionTimeout() {
        return cnxn.getSessionTimeout();
    }

    /**
     * Add the specified scheme:auth information to this connection.
     *
     * This method is NOT thread safe
     *
     * @param scheme
     * @param auth
     */
    public void addAuthInfo(String scheme, byte auth[]) {
        cnxn.addAuthInfo(scheme, auth);
    }

    /**
     * Specify the default watcher for the connection (overrides the one
     * specified during construction).
     *
     * @param watcher
     */
    public synchronized void register(Watcher watcher) {
        watchManager.defaultWatcher = watcher;
    }

    /**
     * Close this client object. Once the client is closed, its session becomes
     * invalid. All the ephemeral nodes in the ZooKeeper server associated with
     * the session will be removed. The watches left on those nodes (and on
     * their parents) will be triggered.
     *
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public synchronized void close() throws InterruptedException {
        if (!state.isAlive()) {
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("Close called on already closed client");
            }
            return;
        }

        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
            LOG.debug("Closing session: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getSessionId()));
        }

        try {
            cnxn.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("Ignoring unexpected exception during close", e);
            }
        }

        LOG.debug("Session: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getSessionId()) + " closed");
    }

    /**
     * Prepend the chroot to the client path (if present). The expectation of
     * this function is that the client path has been validated before this
     * function is called
     *
     * @param clientPath
     *            path to the node
     * @return server view of the path (chroot prepended to client path)
     */
    private String prependChroot(String clientPath) {
        if (cnxn.chrootPath != null) {
            // handle clientPath = "/"
            if (clientPath.length() == 1) {
                return cnxn.chrootPath;
            }
            return cnxn.chrootPath + clientPath;
        } else {
            return clientPath;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a node with the given path. The node data will be the given data,
     * and node acl will be the given acl.
     * <p>
     * The flags argument specifies whether the created node will be ephemeral
     * or not.
     * <p>
     * An ephemeral node will be removed by the ZooKeeper automatically when the
     * session associated with the creation of the node expires.
     * <p>
     * The flags argument can also specify to create a sequential node. The
     * actual path name of a sequential node will be the given path plus a
     * suffix "i" where i is the current sequential number of the node. The
     * sequence number is always fixed length of 10 digits, 0 padded. Once such
     * a node is created, the sequential number will be incremented by one.
     * <p>
     * If a node with the same actual path already exists in the ZooKeeper, a
     * KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NodeExists will be
     * thrown. Note that since a different actual path is used for each
     * invocation of creating sequential node with the same path argument, the
     * call will never throw "file exists" KeeperException.
     * <p>
     * If the parent node does not exist in the ZooKeeper, a KeeperException
     * with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown.
     * <p>
     * An ephemeral node cannot have children. If the parent node of the given
     * path is ephemeral, a KeeperException with error code
     * KeeperException.NoChildrenForEphemerals will be thrown.
     * <p>
     * This operation, if successful, will trigger all the watches left on the
     * node of the given path by exists and getData API calls, and the watches
     * left on the parent node by getChildren API calls.
     * <p>
     * If a node is created successfully, the ZooKeeper server will trigger the
     * watches on the path left by exists calls, and the watches on the parent
     * of the node by getChildren calls.
     * <p>
     * The maximum allowable size of the data array is 1 MB (1,048,576 bytes).
     * Arrays larger than this will cause a KeeperExecption to be thrown.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the path for the node
     * @param data
     *            the initial data for the node
     * @param acl
     *            the acl for the node
     * @param createMode
     *            specifying whether the node to be created is ephemeral and/or
     *            sequential
     * @return the actual path of the created node
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             if the server returns a non-zero error code
     * @throws KeeperException.InvalidACLException
     *             if the ACL is invalid, null, or empty
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             if the transaction is interrupted
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public String create(final String path, byte data[], List<ACL> acl,
            CreateMode createMode) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath, createMode.isSequential());

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.create);
        CreateRequest request = new CreateRequest();
        CreateResponse response = new CreateResponse();
        request.setData(data);
        request.setFlags(createMode.toFlag());
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        if (acl != null && acl.size() == 0) {
            throw new KeeperException.InvalidACLException();
        }
        request.setAcl(acl);
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, null);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        if (cnxn.chrootPath == null) {
            return response.getPath();
        } else {
            return response.getPath().substring(cnxn.chrootPath.length());
        }
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of create. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #create(String, byte[], List, CreateMode)
     */

    public void create(final String path, byte data[], List<ACL> acl,
            CreateMode createMode, StringCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath, createMode.isSequential());

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.create);
        CreateRequest request = new CreateRequest();
        CreateResponse response = new CreateResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = new ReplyHeader();
        request.setData(data);
        request.setFlags(createMode.toFlag());
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setAcl(acl);
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, r, request, response, cb, clientPath, serverPath,
                ctx, null);
    }

    /**
     * Delete the node with the given path. The call will succeed if such a node
     * exists, and the given version matches the node's version (if the given
     * version is -1, it matches any node's versions).
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if the nodes does not exist.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.BadVersion will be
     * thrown if the given version does not match the node's version.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NotEmpty will be thrown
     * if the node has children.
     * <p>
     * This operation, if successful, will trigger all the watches on the node
     * of the given path left by exists API calls, and the watches on the parent
     * node left by getChildren API calls.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the path of the node to be deleted.
     * @param version
     *            the expected node version.
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             IF the server transaction is interrupted
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero return code.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public void delete(final String path, int version)
            throws InterruptedException, KeeperException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath;

        // maintain semantics even in chroot case
        // specifically - root cannot be deleted
        // I think this makes sense even in chroot case.
        if (clientPath.equals("/")) {
            // a bit of a hack, but delete(/) will never succeed and ensures
            // that the same semantics are maintained
            serverPath = clientPath;
        } else {
            serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
        }

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.delete);
        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setVersion(version);
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, null, null);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of delete. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #delete(String, int)
     */
    public void delete(final String path, int version, VoidCallback cb,
            Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath;

        // maintain semantics even in chroot case
        // specifically - root cannot be deleted
        // I think this makes sense even in chroot case.
        if (clientPath.equals("/")) {
            // a bit of a hack, but delete(/) will never succeed and ensures
            // that the same semantics are maintained
            serverPath = clientPath;
        } else {
            serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
        }

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.delete);
        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setVersion(version);
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, null, cb, clientPath,
                serverPath, ctx, null);
    }

    /**
     * Return the stat of the node of the given path. Return null if no such a
     * node exists.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is non-null and the call is successful (no exception is
     * thrown), a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch
     * will be triggered by a successful operation that creates/delete the node
     * or sets the data on the node.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the node path
     * @param watcher
     *            explicit watcher
     * @return the stat of the node of the given path; return null if no such a
     *         node exists.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public Stat exists(final String path, Watcher watcher)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new ExistsWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.exists);
        ExistsRequest request = new ExistsRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        SetDataResponse response = new SetDataResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, wcb);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            if (r.getErr() == KeeperException.Code.NONODE.intValue()) {
                return null;
            }
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }

        return response.getStat().getCzxid() == -1 ? null : response.getStat();
    }

    /**
     * Return the stat of the node of the given path. Return null if no such a
     * node exists.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is true and the call is successful (no exception is thrown),
     * a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch will be
     * triggered by a successful operation that creates/delete the node or sets
     * the data on the node.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the node path
     * @param watch
     *            whether need to watch this node
     * @return the stat of the node of the given path; return null if no such a
     *         node exists.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     */
    public Stat exists(String path, boolean watch) throws KeeperException,
            InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        return exists(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of exists. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #exists(String, boolean)
     */
    public void exists(final String path, Watcher watcher, StatCallback cb,
            Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new ExistsWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.exists);
        ExistsRequest request = new ExistsRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        SetDataResponse response = new SetDataResponse();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, wcb);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of exists. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #exists(String, boolean)
     */
    public void exists(String path, boolean watch, StatCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        exists(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null, cb, ctx);
    }

    /**
     * Return the data and the stat of the node of the given path.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is non-null and the call is successful (no exception is
     * thrown), a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch
     * will be triggered by a successful operation that sets data on the node,
     * or deletes the node.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the given path
     * @param watcher
     *            explicit watcher
     * @param stat
     *            the stat of the node
     * @return the data of the node
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public byte[] getData(final String path, Watcher watcher, Stat stat)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new DataWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getData);
        GetDataRequest request = new GetDataRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        GetDataResponse response = new GetDataResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, wcb);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        if (stat != null) {
            DataTree.copyStat(response.getStat(), stat);
        }
        return response.getData();
    }

    /**
     * Return the data and the stat of the node of the given path.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is true and the call is successful (no exception is thrown),
     * a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch will be
     * triggered by a successful operation that sets data on the node, or
     * deletes the node.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the given path
     * @param watch
     *            whether need to watch this node
     * @param stat
     *            the stat of the node
     * @return the data of the node
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     */
    public byte[] getData(String path, boolean watch, Stat stat)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        return getData(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null, stat);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getData. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #getData(String, Watcher, Stat)
     */
    public void getData(final String path, Watcher watcher, DataCallback cb,
            Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new DataWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getData);
        GetDataRequest request = new GetDataRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        GetDataResponse response = new GetDataResponse();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, wcb);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getData. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #getData(String, boolean, Stat)
     */
    public void getData(String path, boolean watch, DataCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        getData(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null, cb, ctx);
    }

    /**
     * Set the data for the node of the given path if such a node exists and the
     * given version matches the version of the node (if the given version is
     * -1, it matches any node's versions). Return the stat of the node.
     * <p>
     * This operation, if successful, will trigger all the watches on the node
     * of the given path left by getData calls.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.BadVersion will be
     * thrown if the given version does not match the node's version.
     * <p>
     * The maximum allowable size of the data array is 1 MB (1,048,576 bytes).
     * Arrays larger than this will cause a KeeperExecption to be thrown.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the path of the node
     * @param data
     *            the data to set
     * @param version
     *            the expected matching version
     * @return the state of the node
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public Stat setData(final String path, byte data[], int version)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.setData);
        SetDataRequest request = new SetDataRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setData(data);
        request.setVersion(version);
        SetDataResponse response = new SetDataResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, null);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        return response.getStat();
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of setData. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #setData(String, byte[], int)
     */
    public void setData(final String path, byte data[], int version,
            StatCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.setData);
        SetDataRequest request = new SetDataRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setData(data);
        request.setVersion(version);
        SetDataResponse response = new SetDataResponse();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, null);
    }

    /**
     * Return the ACL and stat of the node of the given path.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @param path
     *            the given path for the node
     * @param stat
     *            the stat of the node will be copied to this parameter.
     * @return the ACL array of the given node.
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public List<ACL> getACL(final String path, Stat stat)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getACL);
        GetACLRequest request = new GetACLRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        GetACLResponse response = new GetACLResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, null);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        DataTree.copyStat(response.getStat(), stat);
        return response.getAcl();
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getACL. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #getACL(String, Stat)
     */
    public void getACL(final String path, Stat stat, ACLCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getACL);
        GetACLRequest request = new GetACLRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        GetACLResponse response = new GetACLResponse();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, null);
    }

    /**
     * Set the ACL for the node of the given path if such a node exists and the
     * given version matches the version of the node. Return the stat of the
     * node.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.BadVersion will be
     * thrown if the given version does not match the node's version.
     *
     * @param path
     * @param acl
     * @param version
     * @return the stat of the node.
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     * @throws org.apache.zookeeper_voltpatches.KeeperException.InvalidACLException
     *             If the acl is invalide.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public Stat setACL(final String path, List<ACL> acl, int version)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.setACL);
        SetACLRequest request = new SetACLRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        if (acl != null && acl.size() == 0) {
            throw new KeeperException.InvalidACLException();
        }
        request.setAcl(acl);
        request.setVersion(version);
        SetACLResponse response = new SetACLResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, null);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        return response.getStat();
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of setACL. The request doesn't actually until
     * the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #setACL(String, List, int)
     */
    public void setACL(final String path, List<ACL> acl, int version,
            StatCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.setACL);
        SetACLRequest request = new SetACLRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setAcl(acl);
        request.setVersion(version);
        SetACLResponse response = new SetACLResponse();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, null);
    }

    /**
     * Return the list of the children of the node of the given path.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is non-null and the call is successful (no exception is
     * thrown), a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch
     * willbe triggered by a successful operation that deletes the node of the
     * given path or creates/delete a child under the node.
     * <p>
     * The list of children returned is not sorted and no guarantee is provided
     * as to its natural or lexical order.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @param path
     * @param watcher
     *            explicit watcher
     * @return an unordered array of children of the node with the given path
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public List<String> getChildren(final String path, Watcher watcher)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new ChildWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getChildren);
        GetChildrenRequest request = new GetChildrenRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        GetChildrenResponse response = new GetChildrenResponse();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, wcb);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        return response.getChildren();
    }

    /**
     * Return the list of the children of the node of the given path.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is true and the call is successful (no exception is thrown),
     * a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch willbe
     * triggered by a successful operation that deletes the node of the given
     * path or creates/delete a child under the node.
     * <p>
     * The list of children returned is not sorted and no guarantee is provided
     * as to its natural or lexical order.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @param path
     * @param watch
     * @return an unordered array of children of the node with the given path
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     */
    public List<String> getChildren(String path, boolean watch)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        return getChildren(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getChildren. The request doesn't actually
     * until the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #getChildren(String, Watcher)
     */
    public void getChildren(final String path, Watcher watcher,
            ChildrenCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new ChildWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getChildren);
        GetChildrenRequest request = new GetChildrenRequest();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        GetChildrenResponse response = new GetChildrenResponse();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, wcb);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getChildren. The request doesn't actually
     * until the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @see #getChildren(String, boolean)
     */
    public void getChildren(String path, boolean watch, ChildrenCallback cb,
            Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        getChildren(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null, cb, ctx);
    }

    /**
     * For the given znode path return the stat and children list.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is non-null and the call is successful (no exception is
     * thrown), a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch
     * willbe triggered by a successful operation that deletes the node of the
     * given path or creates/delete a child under the node.
     * <p>
     * The list of children returned is not sorted and no guarantee is provided
     * as to its natural or lexical order.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @param path
     * @param watcher
     *            explicit watcher
     * @param stat
     *            stat of the znode designated by path
     * @return an unordered array of children of the node with the given path
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public List<String> getChildren(final String path, Watcher watcher,
            Stat stat) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new ChildWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getChildren2);
        GetChildren2Request request = new GetChildren2Request();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        GetChildren2Response response = new GetChildren2Response();
        ReplyHeader r = cnxn.submitRequest(h, request, response, wcb);
        if (r.getErr() != 0) {
            throw KeeperException.create(KeeperException.Code.get(r.getErr()),
                    clientPath);
        }
        if (stat != null) {
            DataTree.copyStat(response.getStat(), stat);
        }
        return response.getChildren();
    }

    /**
     * For the given znode path return the stat and children list.
     * <p>
     * If the watch is true and the call is successful (no exception is thrown),
     * a watch will be left on the node with the given path. The watch willbe
     * triggered by a successful operation that deletes the node of the given
     * path or creates/delete a child under the node.
     * <p>
     * The list of children returned is not sorted and no guarantee is provided
     * as to its natural or lexical order.
     * <p>
     * A KeeperException with error code KeeperException.NoNode will be thrown
     * if no node with the given path exists.
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @param path
     * @param watch
     * @param stat
     *            stat of the znode designated by path
     * @return an unordered array of children of the node with the given path
     * @throws InterruptedException
     *             If the server transaction is interrupted.
     * @throws KeeperException
     *             If the server signals an error with a non-zero error code.
     */
    public List<String> getChildren(String path, boolean watch, Stat stat)
            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
        return getChildren(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null,
                stat);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getChildren. The request doesn't actually
     * until the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @see #getChildren(String, Watcher, Stat)
     */
    public void getChildren(final String path, Watcher watcher,
            Children2Callback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        // the watch contains the un-chroot path
        WatchRegistration wcb = null;
        if (watcher != null) {
            wcb = new ChildWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
        }

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.getChildren2);
        GetChildren2Request request = new GetChildren2Request();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        request.setWatch(watcher != null);
        GetChildren2Response response = new GetChildren2Response();
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, wcb);
    }

    /**
     * The Asynchronous version of getChildren. The request doesn't actually
     * until the asynchronous callback is called.
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @see #getChildren(String, boolean, Stat)
     */
    public void getChildren(String path, boolean watch, Children2Callback cb,
            Object ctx) {
        getChildren(path, watch ? watchManager.defaultWatcher : null, cb, ctx);
    }

    /**
     * Asynchronous sync. Flushes channel between process and leader.
     *
     * @param path
     * @param cb
     *            a handler for the callback
     * @param ctx
     *            context to be provided to the callback
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if an invalid path is specified
     */
    public void sync(final String path, VoidCallback cb, Object ctx) {
        verbotenThreadCheck();
        final String clientPath = path;
        PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);

        final String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);

        RequestHeader h = new RequestHeader();
        h.setType(ZooDefs.OpCode.sync);
        SyncRequest request = new SyncRequest();
        SyncResponse response = new SyncResponse();
        request.setPath(serverPath);
        cnxn.queuePacket(h, new ReplyHeader(), request, response, cb,
                clientPath, serverPath, ctx, null);
    }

    public States getState() {
        return state;
    }

    /**
     * String representation of this ZooKeeper client. Suitable for things like
     * logging.
     *
     * Do NOT count on the format of this string, it may change without warning.
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        States state = getState();
        return ("State:"
                + state.toString()
                + (state == States.CONNECTED ? " Timeout:"
                        + getSessionTimeout() + " " : " ") + cnxn);
    }

    /*
     * Methods to aid in testing follow.
     *
     * THESE METHODS ARE EXPECTED TO BE USED FOR TESTING ONLY!!!
     */

    /**
     * Wait up to wait milliseconds for the underlying threads to shutdown. THIS
     * METHOD IS EXPECTED TO BE USED FOR TESTING ONLY!!!
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @param wait
     *            max wait in milliseconds
     * @return true iff all threads are shutdown, otw false
     */
    protected boolean testableWaitForShutdown(int wait)
            throws InterruptedException {
        cnxn.sendThread.join(wait);
        if (cnxn.sendThread.isAlive())
            return false;
        cnxn.eventThread.join(wait);
        if (cnxn.eventThread.isAlive())
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the address to which the socket is connected. Useful for testing
     * against an ensemble - test client may need to know which server to
     * shutdown if interested in verifying that the code handles
     * disconnection/reconnection correctly. THIS METHOD IS EXPECTED TO BE USED
     * FOR TESTING ONLY!!!
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @return ip address of the remote side of the connection or null if not
     *         connected
     */
    protected SocketAddress testableRemoteSocketAddress() {
        return cnxn.getRemoteSocketAddress();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the local address to which the socket is bound. THIS METHOD IS
     * EXPECTED TO BE USED FOR TESTING ONLY!!!
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @return ip address of the remote side of the connection or null if not
     *         connected
     */
    protected SocketAddress testableLocalSocketAddress() {
        return cnxn.getLocalSocketAddress();
    }
}
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