/**
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Base64;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
/**
* Tool to import data from a TSV file.
*
* This tool is rather simplistic - it doesn't do any quoting or
* escaping, but is useful for many data loads.
*
* @see ImportTsv#usage(String)
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Stable
public class ImportTsv extends Configured implements Tool {
protected static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(ImportTsv.class);
final static String NAME = "importtsv";
public final static String MAPPER_CONF_KEY = "importtsv.mapper.class";
public final static String BULK_OUTPUT_CONF_KEY = "importtsv.bulk.output";
public final static String TIMESTAMP_CONF_KEY = "importtsv.timestamp";
public final static String JOB_NAME_CONF_KEY = "mapred.job.name";
// TODO: the rest of these configs are used exclusively by TsvImporterMapper.
// Move them out of the tool and let the mapper handle its own validation.
public final static String SKIP_LINES_CONF_KEY = "importtsv.skip.bad.lines";
public final static String COLUMNS_CONF_KEY = "importtsv.columns";
public final static String SEPARATOR_CONF_KEY = "importtsv.separator";
public final static String ATTRIBUTE_SEPERATOR_CONF_KEY = "attributes.seperator";
final static String DEFAULT_SEPARATOR = "\t";
final static String DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_SEPERATOR = "=>";
final static String DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_ATTRIBUTES_SEPERATOR = ",";
final static Class DEFAULT_MAPPER = TsvImporterMapper.class;
public static class TsvParser {
/**
* Column families and qualifiers mapped to the TSV columns
*/
private final byte[][] families;
private final byte[][] qualifiers;
private final byte separatorByte;
private int rowKeyColumnIndex;
private int maxColumnCount;
// Default value must be negative
public static final int DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_INDEX = -1;
private int timestampKeyColumnIndex = DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_INDEX;
public static final String ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC = "HBASE_ROW_KEY";
public static final String TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC = "HBASE_TS_KEY";
public static final String ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_SPEC = "HBASE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY";
public static final String CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_SPEC = "HBASE_CELL_VISIBILITY";
private int attrKeyColumnIndex = DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_INDEX;
public static final int DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_INDEX = -1;
public static final int DEFAULT_CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_INDEX = -1;
private int cellVisibilityColumnIndex = DEFAULT_CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_INDEX;
/**
* @param columnsSpecification the list of columns to parser out, comma separated.
* The row key should be the special token TsvParser.ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC
* @param separatorStr
*/
public TsvParser(String columnsSpecification, String separatorStr) {
// Configure separator
byte[] separator = Bytes.toBytes(separatorStr);
Preconditions.checkArgument(separator.length == 1,
"TsvParser only supports single-byte separators");
separatorByte = separator[0];
// Configure columns
ArrayList<String> columnStrings = Lists.newArrayList(
Splitter.on(',').trimResults().split(columnsSpecification));
maxColumnCount = columnStrings.size();
families = new byte[maxColumnCount][];
qualifiers = new byte[maxColumnCount][];
for (int i = 0; i < columnStrings.size(); i++) {
String str = columnStrings.get(i);
if (ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(str)) {
rowKeyColumnIndex = i;
continue;
}
if (TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(str)) {
timestampKeyColumnIndex = i;
continue;
}
if(ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(str)) {
attrKeyColumnIndex = i;
continue;
}
if(CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(str)) {
cellVisibilityColumnIndex = i;
continue;
}
String[] parts = str.split(":", 2);
if (parts.length == 1) {
families[i] = str.getBytes();
qualifiers[i] = HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
} else {
families[i] = parts[0].getBytes();
qualifiers[i] = parts[1].getBytes();
}
}
}
public boolean hasTimestamp() {
return timestampKeyColumnIndex != DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
public int getTimestampKeyColumnIndex() {
return timestampKeyColumnIndex;
}
public boolean hasAttributes() {
return attrKeyColumnIndex != DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
public boolean hasCellVisibility() {
return cellVisibilityColumnIndex != DEFAULT_CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
public int getAttributesKeyColumnIndex() {
return attrKeyColumnIndex;
}
public int getCellVisibilityColumnIndex() {
return cellVisibilityColumnIndex;
}
public int getRowKeyColumnIndex() {
return rowKeyColumnIndex;
}
public byte[] getFamily(int idx) {
return families[idx];
}
public byte[] getQualifier(int idx) {
return qualifiers[idx];
}
public ParsedLine parse(byte[] lineBytes, int length)
throws BadTsvLineException {
// Enumerate separator offsets
ArrayList<Integer> tabOffsets = new ArrayList<Integer>(maxColumnCount);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (lineBytes[i] == separatorByte) {
tabOffsets.add(i);
}
}
if (tabOffsets.isEmpty()) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("No delimiter");
}
tabOffsets.add(length);
if (tabOffsets.size() > maxColumnCount) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("Excessive columns");
} else if (tabOffsets.size() <= getRowKeyColumnIndex()) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("No row key");
} else if (hasTimestamp()
&& tabOffsets.size() <= getTimestampKeyColumnIndex()) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("No timestamp");
} else if (hasAttributes() && tabOffsets.size() <= getAttributesKeyColumnIndex()) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("No attributes specified");
} else if(hasCellVisibility() && tabOffsets.size() <= getCellVisibilityColumnIndex()) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("No cell visibility specified");
}
return new ParsedLine(tabOffsets, lineBytes);
}
class ParsedLine {
private final ArrayList<Integer> tabOffsets;
private byte[] lineBytes;
ParsedLine(ArrayList<Integer> tabOffsets, byte[] lineBytes) {
this.tabOffsets = tabOffsets;
this.lineBytes = lineBytes;
}
public int getRowKeyOffset() {
return getColumnOffset(rowKeyColumnIndex);
}
public int getRowKeyLength() {
return getColumnLength(rowKeyColumnIndex);
}
public long getTimestamp(long ts) throws BadTsvLineException {
// Return ts if HBASE_TS_KEY is not configured in column spec
if (!hasTimestamp()) {
return ts;
}
String timeStampStr = Bytes.toString(lineBytes,
getColumnOffset(timestampKeyColumnIndex),
getColumnLength(timestampKeyColumnIndex));
try {
return Long.parseLong(timeStampStr);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
// treat this record as bad record
throw new BadTsvLineException("Invalid timestamp " + timeStampStr);
}
}
private String getAttributes() {
if (!hasAttributes()) {
return null;
} else {
return Bytes.toString(lineBytes, getColumnOffset(attrKeyColumnIndex),
getColumnLength(attrKeyColumnIndex));
}
}
public String[] getIndividualAttributes() {
String attributes = getAttributes();
if (attributes != null) {
return attributes.split(DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_ATTRIBUTES_SEPERATOR);
} else {
return null;
}
}
public int getAttributeKeyOffset() {
if (hasAttributes()) {
return getColumnOffset(attrKeyColumnIndex);
} else {
return DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
}
public int getAttributeKeyLength() {
if (hasAttributes()) {
return getColumnLength(attrKeyColumnIndex);
} else {
return DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
}
public int getCellVisibilityColumnOffset() {
if (hasCellVisibility()) {
return getColumnOffset(cellVisibilityColumnIndex);
} else {
return DEFAULT_CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
}
public int getCellVisibilityColumnLength() {
if (hasCellVisibility()) {
return getColumnLength(cellVisibilityColumnIndex);
} else {
return DEFAULT_CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_INDEX;
}
}
public String getCellVisibility() {
if (!hasCellVisibility()) {
return null;
} else {
return Bytes.toString(lineBytes, getColumnOffset(cellVisibilityColumnIndex),
getColumnLength(cellVisibilityColumnIndex));
}
}
public int getColumnOffset(int idx) {
if (idx > 0)
return tabOffsets.get(idx - 1) + 1;
else
return 0;
}
public int getColumnLength(int idx) {
return tabOffsets.get(idx) - getColumnOffset(idx);
}
public int getColumnCount() {
return tabOffsets.size();
}
public byte[] getLineBytes() {
return lineBytes;
}
}
public static class BadTsvLineException extends Exception {
public BadTsvLineException(String err) {
super(err);
}
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
public Pair<Integer, Integer> parseRowKey(byte[] lineBytes, int length)
throws BadTsvLineException {
int rkColumnIndex = 0;
int startPos = 0, endPos = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= length; i++) {
if (i == length || lineBytes[i] == separatorByte) {
endPos = i - 1;
if (rkColumnIndex++ == getRowKeyColumnIndex()) {
if ((endPos + 1) == startPos) {
throw new BadTsvLineException("Empty value for ROW KEY.");
}
break;
} else {
startPos = endPos + 2;
}
}
if (i == length) {
throw new BadTsvLineException(
"Row key does not exist as number of columns in the line"
+ " are less than row key position.");
}
}
return new Pair<Integer, Integer>(startPos, endPos);
}
}
/**
* Sets up the actual job.
*
* @param conf The current configuration.
* @param args The command line parameters.
* @return The newly created job.
* @throws IOException When setting up the job fails.
*/
public static Job createSubmittableJob(Configuration conf, String[] args)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
// Support non-XML supported characters
// by re-encoding the passed separator as a Base64 string.
String actualSeparator = conf.get(SEPARATOR_CONF_KEY);
if (actualSeparator != null) {
conf.set(SEPARATOR_CONF_KEY,
Base64.encodeBytes(actualSeparator.getBytes()));
}
// See if a non-default Mapper was set
String mapperClassName = conf.get(MAPPER_CONF_KEY);
Class mapperClass = mapperClassName != null ?
Class.forName(mapperClassName) : DEFAULT_MAPPER;
String tableName = args[0];
Path inputDir = new Path(args[1]);
String jobName = conf.get(JOB_NAME_CONF_KEY,NAME + "_" + tableName);
Job job = new Job(conf, jobName);
job.setJarByClass(mapperClass);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, inputDir);
job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
job.setMapperClass(mapperClass);
String hfileOutPath = conf.get(BULK_OUTPUT_CONF_KEY);
String columns[] = conf.getStrings(COLUMNS_CONF_KEY);
if (hfileOutPath != null) {
if (!admin.tableExists(tableName)) {
LOG.warn(format("Table '%s' does not exist.", tableName));
// TODO: this is backwards. Instead of depending on the existence of a table,
// create a sane splits file for HFileOutputFormat based on data sampling.
createTable(admin, tableName, columns);
}
HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
job.setReducerClass(PutSortReducer.class);
Path outputDir = new Path(hfileOutPath);
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputDir);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(ImmutableBytesWritable.class);
if (mapperClass.equals(TsvImporterTextMapper.class)) {
job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
job.setReducerClass(TextSortReducer.class);
} else {
job.setMapOutputValueClass(Put.class);
job.setCombinerClass(PutCombiner.class);
}
HFileOutputFormat.configureIncrementalLoad(job, table);
} else {
if (mapperClass.equals(TsvImporterTextMapper.class)) {
usage(TsvImporterTextMapper.class.toString()
+ " should not be used for non bulkloading case. use "
+ TsvImporterMapper.class.toString()
+ " or custom mapper whose value type is Put.");
System.exit(-1);
}
// No reducers. Just write straight to table. Call initTableReducerJob
// to set up the TableOutputFormat.
TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob(tableName, null, job);
job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
}
TableMapReduceUtil.addDependencyJars(job);
TableMapReduceUtil.addDependencyJars(job.getConfiguration(),
com.google.common.base.Function.class /* Guava used by TsvParser */);
return job;
}
private static void createTable(HBaseAdmin admin, String tableName, String[] columns)
throws IOException {
HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
Set<String> cfSet = new HashSet<String>();
for (String aColumn : columns) {
if (TsvParser.ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(aColumn)
|| TsvParser.TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(aColumn)
|| TsvParser.CELL_VISIBILITY_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(aColumn)
|| TsvParser.ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_SPEC.equals(aColumn))
continue;
// we are only concerned with the first one (in case this is a cf:cq)
cfSet.add(aColumn.split(":", 2)[0]);
}
for (String cf : cfSet) {
HColumnDescriptor hcd = new HColumnDescriptor(Bytes.toBytes(cf));
htd.addFamily(hcd);
}
LOG.warn(format("Creating table '%s' with '%s' columns and default descriptors.",
tableName, cfSet));
admin.createTable(htd);
}
/*
* @param errorMsg Error message. Can be null.
*/
private static void usage(final String errorMsg) {
if (errorMsg != null && errorMsg.length() > 0) {
System.err.println("ERROR: " + errorMsg);
}
String usage =
"Usage: " + NAME + " -D"+ COLUMNS_CONF_KEY + "=a,b,c <tablename> <inputdir>\n" +
"\n" +
"Imports the given input directory of TSV data into the specified table.\n" +
"\n" +
"The column names of the TSV data must be specified using the -D" + COLUMNS_CONF_KEY + "\n" +
"option. This option takes the form of comma-separated column names, where each\n" +
"column name is either a simple column family, or a columnfamily:qualifier. The special\n" +
"column name " + TsvParser.ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC + " is used to designate that this column should be used\n" +
"as the row key for each imported record. You must specify exactly one column\n" +
"to be the row key, and you must specify a column name for every column that exists in the\n" +
"input data. Another special column" + TsvParser.TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC +
" designates that this column should be\n" +
"used as timestamp for each record. Unlike " + TsvParser.ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC + ", " +
TsvParser.TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC + " is optional.\n" +
"You must specify at most one column as timestamp key for each imported record.\n" +
"Record with invalid timestamps (blank, non-numeric) will be treated as bad record.\n" +
"Note: if you use this option, then '" + TIMESTAMP_CONF_KEY + "' option will be ignored.\n" +
"\n" +
TsvParser.ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_SPEC+" can be used to specify Operation Attributes per record.\n"+
" Should be specified as key=>value where "+TsvParser.DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_INDEX+ " is used \n"+
" as the seperator. Note that more than one OperationAttributes can be specified.\n"+
"By default importtsv will load data directly into HBase. To instead generate\n" +
"HFiles of data to prepare for a bulk data load, pass the option:\n" +
" -D" + BULK_OUTPUT_CONF_KEY + "=/path/for/output\n" +
" Note: if you do not use this option, then the target table must already exist in HBase\n" +
"\n" +
"Other options that may be specified with -D include:\n" +
" -D" + SKIP_LINES_CONF_KEY + "=false - fail if encountering an invalid line\n" +
" '-D" + SEPARATOR_CONF_KEY + "=|' - eg separate on pipes instead of tabs\n" +
" -D" + TIMESTAMP_CONF_KEY + "=currentTimeAsLong - use the specified timestamp for the import\n" +
" -D" + MAPPER_CONF_KEY + "=my.Mapper - A user-defined Mapper to use instead of " +
DEFAULT_MAPPER.getName() + "\n" +
" -D" + JOB_NAME_CONF_KEY + "=jobName - use the specified mapreduce job name for the import\n" +
"For performance consider the following options:\n" +
" -Dmapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution=false\n" +
" -Dmapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution=false";
System.err.println(usage);
}
@Override
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
setConf(HBaseConfiguration.create(getConf()));
String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(getConf(), args).getRemainingArgs();
if (otherArgs.length < 2) {
usage("Wrong number of arguments: " + otherArgs.length);
return -1;
}
// When MAPPER_CONF_KEY is null, the user wants to use the provided TsvImporterMapper, so
// perform validation on these additional args. When it's not null, user has provided their
// own mapper, thus these validation are not relevant.
// TODO: validation for TsvImporterMapper, not this tool. Move elsewhere.
if (null == getConf().get(MAPPER_CONF_KEY)) {
// Make sure columns are specified
String columns[] = getConf().getStrings(COLUMNS_CONF_KEY);
if (columns == null) {
usage("No columns specified. Please specify with -D" +
COLUMNS_CONF_KEY+"=...");
return -1;
}
// Make sure they specify exactly one column as the row key
int rowkeysFound = 0;
for (String col : columns) {
if (col.equals(TsvParser.ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC)) rowkeysFound++;
}
if (rowkeysFound != 1) {
usage("Must specify exactly one column as " + TsvParser.ROWKEY_COLUMN_SPEC);
return -1;
}
// Make sure we have at most one column as the timestamp key
int tskeysFound = 0;
for (String col : columns) {
if (col.equals(TsvParser.TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC))
tskeysFound++;
}
if (tskeysFound > 1) {
usage("Must specify at most one column as "
+ TsvParser.TIMESTAMPKEY_COLUMN_SPEC);
return -1;
}
int attrKeysFound = 0;
for (String col : columns) {
if (col.equals(TsvParser.ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_SPEC))
attrKeysFound++;
}
if (attrKeysFound > 1) {
usage("Must specify at most one column as "
+ TsvParser.ATTRIBUTES_COLUMN_SPEC);
return -1;
}
// Make sure one or more columns are specified excluding rowkey and
// timestamp key
if (columns.length - (rowkeysFound + tskeysFound + attrKeysFound) < 1) {
usage("One or more columns in addition to the row key and timestamp(optional) are required");
return -1;
}
}
// If timestamp option is not specified, use current system time.
long timstamp = getConf().getLong(TIMESTAMP_CONF_KEY, System.currentTimeMillis());
// Set it back to replace invalid timestamp (non-numeric) with current
// system time
getConf().setLong(TIMESTAMP_CONF_KEY, timstamp);
Job job = createSubmittableJob(getConf(), otherArgs);
return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int status = ToolRunner.run(new ImportTsv(), args);
System.exit(status);
}
}