/*
* Copyright 1999-2001,2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.authenticator;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.catalina.Authenticator;
import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.catalina.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.Logger;
import org.apache.catalina.Manager;
import org.apache.catalina.Pipeline;
import org.apache.catalina.Realm;
import org.apache.catalina.Request;
import org.apache.catalina.Response;
import org.apache.catalina.Session;
import org.apache.catalina.Valve;
import org.apache.catalina.ValveContext;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.LoginConfig;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.SecurityConstraint;
import org.apache.catalina.util.DateTool;
import org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport;
import org.apache.catalina.util.StringManager;
import org.apache.catalina.valves.ValveBase;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
/**
* Basic implementation of the <b>Valve</b> interface that enforces the
* <code><security-constraint></code> elements in the web application
* deployment descriptor. This functionality is implemented as a Valve
* so that it can be ommitted in environments that do not require these
* features. Individual implementations of each supported authentication
* method can subclass this base class as required.
* <p>
* <b>USAGE CONSTRAINT</b>: When this class is utilized, the Context to
* which it is attached (or a parent Container in a hierarchy) must have an
* associated Realm that can be used for authenticating users and enumerating
* the roles to which they have been assigned.
* <p>
* <b>USAGE CONSTRAINT</b>: This Valve is only useful when processing HTTP
* requests. Requests of any other type will simply be passed through.
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
* @version $Revision: 1.17 $ $Date: 2004/02/27 14:58:41 $
*/
public abstract class AuthenticatorBase
extends ValveBase
implements Authenticator, Lifecycle {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(AuthenticatorBase.class);
// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
/**
* The default message digest algorithm to use if we cannot use
* the requested one.
*/
protected static final String DEFAULT_ALGORITHM = "MD5";
/**
* The number of random bytes to include when generating a
* session identifier.
*/
protected static final int SESSION_ID_BYTES = 16;
/**
* The message digest algorithm to be used when generating session
* identifiers. This must be an algorithm supported by the
* <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> class on your platform.
*/
protected String algorithm = DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;
/**
* Should we cache authenticated Principals if the request is part of
* an HTTP session?
*/
protected boolean cache = true;
/**
* The Context to which this Valve is attached.
*/
protected Context context = null;
/**
* The debugging detail level for this component.
*/
protected int debug = 0;
/**
* Return the MessageDigest implementation to be used when
* creating session identifiers.
*/
protected MessageDigest digest = null;
/**
* A String initialization parameter used to increase the entropy of
* the initialization of our random number generator.
*/
protected String entropy = null;
/**
* Descriptive information about this implementation.
*/
protected static final String info =
"org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase/1.0";
/**
* Flag to determine if we disable proxy caching, or leave the issue
* up to the webapp developer.
*/
protected boolean disableProxyCaching = true;
/**
* The lifecycle event support for this component.
*/
protected LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
/**
* A random number generator to use when generating session identifiers.
*/
protected Random random = null;
/**
* The Java class name of the random number generator class to be used
* when generating session identifiers.
*/
protected String randomClass = "java.security.SecureRandom";
/**
* The string manager for this package.
*/
protected static final StringManager sm =
StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);
/**
* The SingleSignOn implementation in our request processing chain,
* if there is one.
*/
protected SingleSignOn sso = null;
/**
* Has this component been started?
*/
protected boolean started = false;
/**
* "Expires" header always set to Date(1), so generate once only
*/
private static final String DATE_ONE =
(new SimpleDateFormat(DateTool.HTTP_RESPONSE_DATE_HEADER,
Locale.US)).format(new Date(1));
// ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
/**
* Return the message digest algorithm for this Manager.
*/
public String getAlgorithm() {
return (this.algorithm);
}
/**
* Set the message digest algorithm for this Manager.
*
* @param algorithm The new message digest algorithm
*/
public void setAlgorithm(String algorithm) {
this.algorithm = algorithm;
}
/**
* Return the cache authenticated Principals flag.
*/
public boolean getCache() {
return (this.cache);
}
/**
* Set the cache authenticated Principals flag.
*
* @param cache The new cache flag
*/
public void setCache(boolean cache) {
this.cache = cache;
}
/**
* Return the Container to which this Valve is attached.
*/
public Container getContainer() {
return (this.context);
}
/**
* Set the Container to which this Valve is attached.
*
* @param container The container to which we are attached
*/
public void setContainer(Container container) {
if (!(container instanceof Context))
throw new IllegalArgumentException
(sm.getString("authenticator.notContext"));
super.setContainer(container);
this.context = (Context) container;
}
/**
* Return the debugging detail level for this component.
*/
public int getDebug() {
return (this.debug);
}
/**
* Set the debugging detail level for this component.
*
* @param debug The new debugging detail level
*/
public void setDebug(int debug) {
this.debug = debug;
}
/**
* Return the entropy increaser value, or compute a semi-useful value
* if this String has not yet been set.
*/
public String getEntropy() {
// Calculate a semi-useful value if this has not been set
if (this.entropy == null)
setEntropy(this.toString());
return (this.entropy);
}
/**
* Set the entropy increaser value.
*
* @param entropy The new entropy increaser value
*/
public void setEntropy(String entropy) {
this.entropy = entropy;
}
/**
* Return descriptive information about this Valve implementation.
*/
public String getInfo() {
return (info);
}
/**
* Return the random number generator class name.
*/
public String getRandomClass() {
return (this.randomClass);
}
/**
* Set the random number generator class name.
*
* @param randomClass The new random number generator class name
*/
public void setRandomClass(String randomClass) {
this.randomClass = randomClass;
}
/**
* Return the flag that states if we add headers to disable caching by
* proxies.
*/
public boolean getDisableProxyCaching() {
return disableProxyCaching;
}
/**
* Set the value of the flag that states if we add headers to disable
* caching by proxies.
* @param nocache <code>true</code> if we add headers to disable proxy
* caching, <code>false</code> if we leave the headers alone.
*/
public void setDisableProxyCaching(boolean nocache) {
disableProxyCaching = nocache;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
/**
* Enforce the security restrictions in the web application deployment
* descriptor of our associated Context.
*
* @param request Request to be processed
* @param response Response to be processed
* @param context The valve context used to invoke the next valve
* in the current processing pipeline
*
* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
* @exception ServletException if thrown by a processing element
*/
public void invoke(Request request, Response response,
ValveContext context)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// If this is not an HTTP request, do nothing
if (!(request instanceof HttpRequest) ||
!(response instanceof HttpResponse)) {
context.invokeNext(request, response);
return;
}
if (!(request.getRequest() instanceof HttpServletRequest) ||
!(response.getResponse() instanceof HttpServletResponse)) {
context.invokeNext(request, response);
return;
}
HttpRequest hrequest = (HttpRequest) request;
HttpResponse hresponse = (HttpResponse) response;
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Security checking request " +
((HttpServletRequest) request.getRequest()).getMethod() + " " +
((HttpServletRequest) request.getRequest()).getRequestURI());
LoginConfig config = this.context.getLoginConfig();
// Have we got a cached authenticated Principal to record?
if (cache) {
Principal principal =
((HttpServletRequest) request.getRequest()).getUserPrincipal();
if (principal == null) {
Session session = getSession(hrequest);
if (session != null) {
principal = session.getPrincipal();
if (principal != null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("We have cached auth type " +
session.getAuthType() +
" for principal " +
session.getPrincipal());
hrequest.setAuthType(session.getAuthType());
hrequest.setUserPrincipal(principal);
}
}
}
}
// Special handling for form-based logins to deal with the case
// where the login form (and therefore the "j_security_check" URI
// to which it submits) might be outside the secured area
String contextPath = this.context.getPath();
String requestURI = hrequest.getDecodedRequestURI();
if (requestURI.startsWith(contextPath) &&
requestURI.endsWith(Constants.FORM_ACTION)) {
if (!authenticate(hrequest, hresponse, config)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(" Failed authenticate() test ??" + requestURI );
return;
}
}
Realm realm = this.context.getRealm();
// Is this request URI subject to a security constraint?
SecurityConstraint [] constraints
= realm.findSecurityConstraints(hrequest, this.context);
if ((constraints == null) /* &&
(!Constants.FORM_METHOD.equals(config.getAuthMethod())) */ ) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(" Not subject to any constraint");
context.invokeNext(request, response);
return;
}
// Make sure that constrained resources are not cached by web proxies
// or browsers as caching can provide a security hole
HttpServletRequest hsrequest = (HttpServletRequest)hrequest.getRequest();
if (disableProxyCaching &&
// FIXME: Disabled for Mozilla FORM support over SSL
// (improper caching issue)
//!hsrequest.isSecure() &&
!"POST".equalsIgnoreCase(hsrequest.getMethod())) {
HttpServletResponse sresponse =
(HttpServletResponse) response.getResponse();
sresponse.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
sresponse.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
sresponse.setHeader("Expires", DATE_ONE);
}
int i;
// Enforce any user data constraint for this security constraint
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Calling hasUserDataPermission()");
}
if (!realm.hasUserDataPermission(hrequest, hresponse,
constraints)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Failed hasUserDataPermission() test");
}
/*
* ASSERT: Authenticator already set the appropriate
* HTTP status code, so we do not have to do anything special
*/
return;
}
for(i=0; i < constraints.length; i++) {
// Authenticate based upon the specified login configuration
if (constraints[i].getAuthConstraint()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Calling authenticate()");
}
if (!authenticate(hrequest, hresponse, config)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Failed authenticate() test");
}
/*
* ASSERT: Authenticator already set the appropriate
* HTTP status code, so we do not have to do anything
* special
*/
return;
} else {
break;
}
}
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Calling accessControl()");
}
if (!realm.hasResourcePermission(hrequest, hresponse,
constraints,
this.context)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Failed accessControl() test");
}
/*
* ASSERT: AccessControl method has already set the
* appropriate HTTP status code, so we do not have to do
* anything special
*/
return;
}
// Any and all specified constraints have been satisfied
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Successfully passed all security constraints");
}
context.invokeNext(request, response);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
/**
* Associate the specified single sign on identifier with the
* specified Session.
*
* @param ssoId Single sign on identifier
* @param session Session to be associated
*/
protected void associate(String ssoId, Session session) {
if (sso == null)
return;
sso.associate(ssoId, session);
}
/**
* Authenticate the user making this request, based on the specified
* login configuration. Return <code>true</code> if any specified
* constraint has been satisfied, or <code>false</code> if we have
* created a response challenge already.
*
* @param request Request we are processing
* @param response Response we are creating
* @param config Login configuration describing how authentication
* should be performed
*
* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
*/
protected abstract boolean authenticate(HttpRequest request,
HttpResponse response,
LoginConfig config)
throws IOException;
/**
* Generate and return a new session identifier for the cookie that
* identifies an SSO principal.
*/
protected synchronized String generateSessionId() {
// Generate a byte array containing a session identifier
byte bytes[] = new byte[SESSION_ID_BYTES];
getRandom().nextBytes(bytes);
bytes = getDigest().digest(bytes);
// Render the result as a String of hexadecimal digits
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
byte b1 = (byte) ((bytes[i] & 0xf0) >> 4);
byte b2 = (byte) (bytes[i] & 0x0f);
if (b1 < 10)
result.append((char) ('0' + b1));
else
result.append((char) ('A' + (b1 - 10)));
if (b2 < 10)
result.append((char) ('0' + b2));
else
result.append((char) ('A' + (b2 - 10)));
}
return (result.toString());
}
/**
* Return the MessageDigest object to be used for calculating
* session identifiers. If none has been created yet, initialize
* one the first time this method is called.
*/
protected synchronized MessageDigest getDigest() {
if (this.digest == null) {
try {
this.digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
try {
this.digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(DEFAULT_ALGORITHM);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException f) {
this.digest = null;
}
}
}
return (this.digest);
}
/**
* Return the random number generator instance we should use for
* generating session identifiers. If there is no such generator
* currently defined, construct and seed a new one.
*/
protected synchronized Random getRandom() {
if (this.random == null) {
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(randomClass);
this.random = (Random) clazz.newInstance();
long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
char entropy[] = getEntropy().toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < entropy.length; i++) {
long update = ((byte) entropy[i]) << ((i % 8) * 8);
seed ^= update;
}
this.random.setSeed(seed);
} catch (Exception e) {
this.random = new java.util.Random();
}
}
return (this.random);
}
/**
* Return the internal Session that is associated with this HttpRequest,
* or <code>null</code> if there is no such Session.
*
* @param request The HttpRequest we are processing
*/
protected Session getSession(HttpRequest request) {
return (getSession(request, false));
}
/**
* Return the internal Session that is associated with this HttpRequest,
* possibly creating a new one if necessary, or <code>null</code> if
* there is no such session and we did not create one.
*
* @param request The HttpRequest we are processing
* @param create Should we create a session if needed?
*/
protected Session getSession(HttpRequest request, boolean create) {
HttpServletRequest hreq =
(HttpServletRequest) request.getRequest();
HttpSession hses = hreq.getSession(create);
if (hses == null)
return (null);
Manager manager = context.getManager();
if (manager == null)
return (null);
else {
try {
return (manager.findSession(hses.getId()));
} catch (IOException e) {
return (null);
}
}
}
/**
* Log a message on the Logger associated with our Container (if any).
*
* @param message Message to be logged
*/
protected void log(String message) {
Logger logger = context.getLogger();
if (logger != null)
logger.log("Authenticator[" + context.getPath() + "]: " +
message);
else
System.out.println("Authenticator[" + context.getPath() +
"]: " + message);
}
/**
* Log a message on the Logger associated with our Container (if any).
*
* @param message Message to be logged
* @param throwable Associated exception
*/
protected void log(String message, Throwable throwable) {
Logger logger = context.getLogger();
if (logger != null)
logger.log("Authenticator[" + context.getPath() + "]: " +
message, throwable);
else {
System.out.println("Authenticator[" + context.getPath() +
"]: " + message);
throwable.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
/**
* Attempts reauthentication to the <code>Realm</code> using
* the credentials included in argument <code>entry</code>.
*
* @param ssoId identifier of SingleSignOn session with which the
* caller is associated
* @param request the request that needs to be authenticated
*/
protected boolean reauthenticateFromSSO(String ssoId, HttpRequest request) {
if (sso == null || ssoId == null)
return false;
boolean reauthenticated = false;
SingleSignOnEntry entry = sso.lookup(ssoId);
if (entry != null && entry.getCanReauthenticate()) {
Principal reauthPrincipal = null;
Container parent = getContainer();
if (parent != null) {
Realm realm = getContainer().getRealm();
String username = entry.getUsername();
if (realm != null && username != null) {
reauthPrincipal =
realm.authenticate(username, entry.getPassword());
}
}
if (reauthPrincipal != null) {
associate(ssoId, getSession(request, true));
request.setAuthType(entry.getAuthType());
request.setUserPrincipal(reauthPrincipal);
reauthenticated = true;
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Reauthenticated cached principal '" +
entry.getPrincipal().getName() +
"' with auth type '" +
entry.getAuthType() + "'");
}
}
}
return reauthenticated;
}
/**
* Register an authenticated Principal and authentication type in our
* request, in the current session (if there is one), and with our
* SingleSignOn valve, if there is one. Set the appropriate cookie
* to be returned.
*
* @param request The servlet request we are processing
* @param response The servlet response we are generating
* @param principal The authenticated Principal to be registered
* @param authType The authentication type to be registered
* @param username Username used to authenticate (if any)
* @param password Password used to authenticate (if any)
*/
protected void register(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response,
Principal principal, String authType,
String username, String password) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Authenticated '" + principal.getName() + "' with type '"
+ authType + "'");
// Cache the authentication information in our request
request.setAuthType(authType);
request.setUserPrincipal(principal);
Session session = getSession(request, false);
// Cache the authentication information in our session, if any
if (cache) {
if (session != null) {
session.setAuthType(authType);
session.setPrincipal(principal);
if (username != null)
session.setNote(Constants.SESS_USERNAME_NOTE, username);
else
session.removeNote(Constants.SESS_USERNAME_NOTE);
if (password != null)
session.setNote(Constants.SESS_PASSWORD_NOTE, password);
else
session.removeNote(Constants.SESS_PASSWORD_NOTE);
}
}
// Construct a cookie to be returned to the client
if (sso == null)
return;
// Only create a new SSO entry if the SSO did not already set a note
// for an existing entry (as it would do with subsequent requests
// for DIGEST and SSL authenticated contexts)
String ssoId = (String) request.getNote(Constants.REQ_SSOID_NOTE);
if (ssoId == null) {
// Construct a cookie to be returned to the client
HttpServletResponse hres =
(HttpServletResponse) response.getResponse();
ssoId = generateSessionId();
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(Constants.SINGLE_SIGN_ON_COOKIE, ssoId);
cookie.setMaxAge(-1);
cookie.setPath("/");
hres.addCookie(cookie);
// Register this principal with our SSO valve
sso.register(ssoId, principal, authType, username, password);
request.setNote(Constants.REQ_SSOID_NOTE, ssoId);
} else {
// Update the SSO session with the latest authentication data
sso.update(ssoId, principal, authType, username, password);
}
// Fix for Bug 10040
// Always associate a session with a new SSO reqistration.
// SSO entries are only removed from the SSO registry map when
// associated sessions are destroyed; if a new SSO entry is created
// above for this request and the user never revisits the context, the
// SSO entry will never be cleared if we don't associate the session
if (session == null)
session = getSession(request, true);
sso.associate(ssoId, session);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Lifecycle Methods
/**
* Add a lifecycle event listener to this component.
*
* @param listener The listener to add
*/
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
/**
* Get the lifecycle listeners associated with this lifecycle. If this
* Lifecycle has no listeners registered, a zero-length array is returned.
*/
public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners() {
return lifecycle.findLifecycleListeners();
}
/**
* Remove a lifecycle event listener from this component.
*
* @param listener The listener to remove
*/
public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.removeLifecycleListener(listener);
}
/**
* Prepare for the beginning of active use of the public methods of this
* component. This method should be called after <code>configure()</code>,
* and before any of the public methods of the component are utilized.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that prevents this component from being used
*/
public void start() throws LifecycleException {
// Validate and update our current component state
if (started)
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("authenticator.alreadyStarted"));
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(START_EVENT, null);
if ("org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext".equals
(context.getClass().getName())) {
try {
// XXX What is this ???
Class paramTypes[] = new Class[0];
Object paramValues[] = new Object[0];
Method method =
context.getClass().getMethod("getDebug", paramTypes);
Integer result = (Integer) method.invoke(context, paramValues);
setDebug(result.intValue());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Exception getting debug value", e);
}
}
started = true;
// Look up the SingleSignOn implementation in our request processing
// path, if there is one
Container parent = context.getParent();
while ((sso == null) && (parent != null)) {
if (!(parent instanceof Pipeline)) {
parent = parent.getParent();
continue;
}
Valve valves[] = ((Pipeline) parent).getValves();
for (int i = 0; i < valves.length; i++) {
if (valves[i] instanceof SingleSignOn) {
sso = (SingleSignOn) valves[i];
break;
}
}
if (sso == null)
parent = parent.getParent();
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (sso != null)
log.debug("Found SingleSignOn Valve at " + sso);
else
log.debug("No SingleSignOn Valve is present");
}
}
/**
* Gracefully terminate the active use of the public methods of this
* component. This method should be the last one called on a given
* instance of this component.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that needs to be reported
*/
public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
// Validate and update our current component state
if (!started)
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("authenticator.notStarted"));
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(STOP_EVENT, null);
started = false;
sso = null;
}
}