Type resolveType(Type toResolve) {
    // this implementation is made a little more complicated in an attempt to avoid object-creation
    while (true) {
      if (toResolve instanceof TypeVariable) {
        TypeVariable original = (TypeVariable) toResolve;
        toResolve = MoreTypes.resolveTypeVariable(type, rawType, original);
        if (toResolve == original) {
          return toResolve;
        }
      } else if (toResolve instanceof GenericArrayType) {
        GenericArrayType original = (GenericArrayType) toResolve;
        Type componentType = original.getGenericComponentType();
        Type newComponentType = resolveType(componentType);
        return componentType == newComponentType
            ? original
            : Types.arrayOf(newComponentType);
      } else if (toResolve instanceof ParameterizedType) {
        ParameterizedType original = (ParameterizedType) toResolve;
        Type ownerType = original.getOwnerType();
        Type newOwnerType = resolveType(ownerType);
        boolean changed = newOwnerType != ownerType;
        Type[] args = original.getActualTypeArguments();
        for (int t = 0, length = args.length; t < length; t++) {
          Type resolvedTypeArgument = resolveType(args[t]);
          if (resolvedTypeArgument != args[t]) {
            if (!changed) {
              args = args.clone();
              changed = true;
            }
            args[t] = resolvedTypeArgument;
          }
        }
        return changed
            ? Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(newOwnerType, original.getRawType(), args)
            : original;
      } else if (toResolve instanceof WildcardType) {
        WildcardType original = (WildcardType) toResolve;
        Type[] originalLowerBound = original.getLowerBounds();
        Type[] originalUpperBound = original.getUpperBounds();
        if (originalLowerBound.length == 1) {
          Type lowerBound = resolveType(originalLowerBound[0]);
          if (lowerBound != originalLowerBound[0]) {
            return Types.supertypeOf(lowerBound);