Most of the time you want to do character encoding translation when translating bytes to characters. If you are planning on displaying the text, you should always do this and should use an InputStreamReader for the purpose. Sometimes it is useful to treat characters as bytes with some extra bits. In these cases you would want to use a StraightStreamReader.
For top efficiency, consider wrapping an StraightStreamReader within a BufferedReader. For example:
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new StraightStreamReader(System.in));
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